Viral Skin Infection

Question 1

What causes viral warts?

Answer 1

Human papillomavirus (HPV), a DNA virus.

Question 2

How many HPV subtypes exist?

Answer 2

Over 100 subtypes.

Question 3

How is HPV transmitted?

Answer 3

Direct contact with living or shed skin; genital warts spread via sexual contact.

Question 4

What factors increase the risk of HPV infection?

Answer 4

Systemic immunosuppression (e.g., AIDS, organ transplant).

Question 5

What are the main types of viral warts?

Answer 5

Common warts, plantar warts, mosaic warts, plane warts, facial warts, genital warts, perianal warts.

Question 6

What are common sites for verrucae vulgaris (common warts)?

Answer 6

Hands, face, genitalia, and limbs.

Question 7

What are plantar warts?

Answer 7

Slightly protruding, rough warts with a horny rim, often painful when walking.

Question 8

What are mosaic warts?

Answer 8

Sheets of warts forming a mosaic-like pattern.

Question 9

What are plane warts?

Answer 9

Smooth, flat-topped papules on the face and back of hands, sometimes pigmented.

Question 10

What are genital warts?

Answer 10

Papillomatous and exuberant warts that may be single or multiple, flat or raised.

Question 11

Who is at higher risk for perianal warts?

Answer 11

Men who have sex with men (MSM), heterosexual men, and women.

Question 12

Can HPV be transmitted perinatally?

Answer 12

Yes, leading to anogenital warts or laryngeal papillomas in neonates.

Question 13

Do viral warts resolve spontaneously?

Answer 13

Yes, but it may take years.

Question 14

What are first-line treatments for viral warts?

Answer 14

Salicylic acid, podophyllotoxin, imiquimod (5%).

Question 15

What are physician-applied treatments for viral warts?

Answer 15

Cryotherapy, surgery, electrodessication.

Question 16

What is the best way to prevent genital warts?

Answer 16

HPV vaccination and condom use.

Question 17

Which HPV vaccine protects against cervical cancer only?

Answer 17

Cervarix (bivalent vaccine for HPV 16 & 18).

Question 18

Which HPV vaccine protects against both cervical cancer and genital warts?

Answer 18

Gardasil (quadrivalent for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18).

Question 19

Which HPV vaccine offers the broadest protection?

Answer 19

Gardasil-9 (nonavalent for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, 58).

Question 20

At what age is HPV vaccination recommended?

Answer 20

Ages 11-13, in a series of three injections.

Question 21

Until what age can HPV vaccination be given?

Answer 21

Up to age 26 in sexually active individuals who may not have been exposed.

Question 22

What screening test is used for cervical cancer prevention?

Answer 22

Pap smear.

Question 23

What patient-applied treatments are used for genital warts?

Answer 23

Podophyllotoxin (0.5% solution, 0.15% cream), imiquimod (5%), salicylic acid.

Question 24

What physician-applied treatments are used for genital warts?

Answer 24

Cryotherapy, surgery, electrodessication.

Question 25

Which genital wart treatments are contraindicated in pregnancy?

Answer 25

Podophyllotoxin and imiquimod.

Question 26

What is molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 26

A viral skin infection caused by the molluscum contagiosum virus (poxvirus).

Question 27

How is molluscum contagiosum transmitted?

Answer 27

Sexual and non-sexual contact.

Question 28

What are the clinical features of molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 28

Flesh-colored, umbilicated hemispherical papules up to 5mm in diameter.

Question 29

What is the incubation period of molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 29

3-12 weeks.

Question 30

What happens in HIV-positive patients with molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 30

Lesions are larger and more widespread.

Question 31

How does molluscum contagiosum spread?

Answer 31

By auto-inoculation.

Question 32

What are common sites for molluscum contagiosum in sexual transmission?

Answer 32

Genitalia, lower abdomen, upper thigh.

Question 33

What are common sites for molluscum contagiosum in non-sexual transmission?

Answer 33

Face and hands.

Question 34

How is molluscum contagiosum diagnosed?

Answer 34

Clinical examination.

Question 35

Does molluscum contagiosum resolve spontaneously?

Answer 35

Yes, usually within two years.

Question 36

What treatments are available for molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 36

Cryotherapy, electrodessication, podophyllotoxin cream, surgery.

Question 37

What is the most effective treatment for persistent molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 37

Cryotherapy or electrodessication.

Question 38

What are filiform warts?

Answer 38

Thread-like warts, commonly found on the face.

Question 39

Why are immunosuppressed individuals more prone to viral skin infections?

Answer 39

Weakened immune systems allow for persistent viral replication.

Question 40

Which viral wart treatment has an immune-modulating effect?

Answer 40

Imiquimod (5%).

Question 41

What are the benefits of HPV vaccination?

Answer 41

Prevents cervical cancer and genital warts.

Question 42

What type of virus is HPV?

Answer 42

A DNA virus.

Question 43

Can HPV cause skin cancer?

Answer 43

There is no clear causal link, but immunosuppressed individuals have increased risk.

Question 44

What is the most common wart treatment for children?

Answer 44

Salicylic acid application.

Question 45

Which viral skin infection presents with umbilicated papules?

Answer 45

Molluscum contagiosum.

Question 46

What is the most common site for common warts?

Answer 46

Hands and fingers.

Question 47

What type of warts are painful when walking?

Answer 47

Plantar warts.

Question 48

Which wart treatment uses liquid nitrogen?

Answer 48

Cryotherapy.

Question 49

What is electrodessication?

Answer 49

A treatment that uses electrical currents to destroy wart tissue.

Question 50

Which HPV strains are most associated with cervical cancer?

Answer 50

HPV 16 and 18.

Question 51

Which HPV strains are most associated with genital warts?

Answer 51

HPV 6 and 11.

Question 52

What is a key feature of plane warts?

Answer 52

Flat-topped, smooth papules, often pigmented.

Question 53

How can genital warts be prevented aside from vaccination?

Answer 53

Consistent condom use.

Question 54

Why is molluscum contagiosum self-limiting?

Answer 54

The immune system eventually clears the infection.

Question 55

What is the most effective wart removal method for extensive lesions?

Answer 55

Surgery or electrodessication.

Question 56

What is the primary transmission mode of plantar warts?

Answer 56

Direct contact, often in moist environments like swimming pools.

Question 57

How do mosaic warts differ from plantar warts?

Answer 57

They appear in clusters forming a mosaic-like pattern.

Question 58

What is the best way to reduce the spread of molluscum contagiosum?

Answer 58

Avoid scratching and maintain good hygiene.