Acne Vulgaris

Question 1

What is Acne Vulgaris (AV)?

Answer 1

A chronic skin disease involving blockage or inflammation of pilosebaceous units.

Question 2

What are the two types of acne lesions?

Answer 2

Inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions.

Question 3

Which areas of the body are most commonly affected by acne?

Answer 3

Face, back, and chest.

Question 4

In adolescence, which gender is more affected by acne?

Answer 4

Males > Females.

Question 5

In adulthood, which gender is more affected by acne?

Answer 5

Females > Males.

Question 6

What is neonatal cephalic pustulosis?

Answer 6

Neonatal acne occurring due to maternal hormones, resolving spontaneously.

Question 7

At what age does adolescent acne typically begin?

Answer 7

With puberty, usually between 12-24 years.

Question 8

What percentage of people experience acne between 12-24 years?

Answer 8

Up to 85%.

Question 9

Can acne persist beyond adolescence?

Answer 9

Yes, it can persist into the 30s, 40s, and even at 45 years.

Question 10

Which skin type is prone to post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation?

Answer 10

Darker skin tones.

Question 11

What are some genetic and external factors that can worsen acne?

Answer 11

Genetics, cosmetic agents, hair pomades, medications (steroids, lithium), pregnancy, mechanical occlusion, and UV exposure.

Question 12

What role does Cutibacterium acnes play in acne development?

Answer 12

It colonizes hair follicles and contributes to inflammation.

Question 13

What are the non-inflammatory lesions of acne?

Answer 13

Open and closed comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).

Question 14

What are the inflammatory lesions of acne?

Answer 14

Papules, pustules, and nodules.

Question 15

What is Acne Conglobata?

Answer 15

Severe inflammatory nodulocystic acne with interconnected abscesses.

Question 16

What is Acne Fulminans?

Answer 16

A severe acne form with systemic symptoms like fever and joint pain.

Question 17

How does acne affect patients psychologically?

Answer 17

It can cause distress regardless of severity.

Question 18

What characterizes comedonal acne?

Answer 18

Open and closed comedones without inflammatory papules or nodules.

Question 19

What is mild acne?

Answer 19

Comedones with a few papulopustules.

Question 20

What is moderate acne?

Answer 20

Comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and more lesions than mild acne.

Question 21

What is nodulocystic acne?

Answer 21

Comedones, inflammatory lesions, and nodules >5mm with scarring.

Question 22

Which lab tests are indicated for acne in PCOS?

Answer 22

Total/free testosterone, DHEAS, androstenedione, LH, FSH, lipid panel, glucose, insulin.

Question 23

Why should skin lesion cultures be done in antibiotic-refractory acne?

Answer 23

To rule out gram-negative folliculitis.

Question 24

What are the primary goals of acne treatment?

Answer 24

Target follicular hyperproliferation, excess sebum, C. acnes, and inflammation.

Question 25

Name two topical antibiotic combinations used for acne.

Answer 25

Erythromycin + benzoyl peroxide, Clindamycin + benzoyl peroxide.

Question 26

What are three retinoid-like agents used in acne treatment?

Answer 26

Tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene.

Question 27

Name three systemic antibiotics for acne treatment.

Answer 27

Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline.

Question 28

What hormonal therapy is used for acne?

Answer 28

Spironolactone, estrogen/progestin combinations.

Question 29

Why should antibiotics be combined with benzoyl peroxide in acne treatment?

Answer 29

To reduce antibiotic resistance.

Question 30

Which dietary factors may influence acne?

Answer 30

High-glycemic foods and skim milk.

Question 31

What are three procedural treatments for acne?

Answer 31

Manual comedone extraction, IL steroid injection, chemical peels.

Question 32

What is Rosacea?

Answer 32

A chronic inflammatory skin condition affecting the central face.

Question 33

What are the characteristic symptoms of rosacea?

Answer 33

Flushing, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia.

Question 34

What factors aggravate rosacea?

Answer 34

Facial creams, oils, topical steroids, sun exposure, spicy foods.

Question 35

What is rhinophyma?

Answer 35

An enlarged, bulbous nose due to sebaceous hyperplasia in rosacea.

Question 36

Which bacteria may contribute to rosacea?

Answer 36

Demodex folliculorum.

Question 37

What differentiates rosacea from acne vulgaris?

Answer 37

No comedones in rosacea.

Question 38

Which antibiotic class is commonly used to treat rosacea?

Answer 38

Tetracyclines (doxycycline, minocycline).

Question 39

Which topical treatments are used for rosacea?

Answer 39

Metronidazole, azelaic acid, brimonidine, ivermectin.

Question 40

What surgical options exist for rhinophyma?

Answer 40

Laser therapy and surgical debulking.

Question 41

Which age group is most affected by rosacea?

Answer 41

30-60 years.

Question 42

What are common ocular symptoms of rosacea?

Answer 42

Blepharitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis, dry/tired eyes.

Question 43

What is Morbihan disease?

Answer 43

Persistent facial redness and edema due to lymphatic obstruction.

Question 44

Which diagnostic test is sometimes used for rosacea?

Answer 44

Skin biopsy.

Question 45

What type of sunscreen should be used in rosacea?

Answer 45

Light, oil-free sunscreen.

Question 46

What is granulomatous rosacea?

Answer 46

Persistent yellow-brown papules and nodules.

Question 47

What is the first-line oral treatment for rosacea?

Answer 47

Low-dose doxycycline (40-50 mg for 6-12 weeks).

Question 48

What is the role of isotretinoin in rosacea?

Answer 48

Used for severe or refractory cases.

Question 49

Which laser treatment is used for rosacea-related telangiectasia?

Answer 49

Vascular laser therapy.

Question 50

What lifestyle modifications help manage rosacea?

Answer 50

Avoid oil-based creams, use gentle skincare, protect from sun exposure.

Question 51

What condition is commonly confused with rosacea but involves normal sebum secretion?

Answer 51

Rosacea itself, as it lacks increased sebum unlike acne vulgaris.

Question 52

What should be avoided in rosacea treatment?

Answer 52

Topical steroids, oil-based cosmetics.

Question 53

What is the main pathophysiology of acne vulgaris?

Answer 53

Follicular hyperkeratinization, sebum overproduction, C. acnes colonization, inflammation.

Question 54

What is the common name for closed comedones?

Answer 54

Whiteheads.

Question 55

What is the common name for open comedones?

Answer 55

Blackheads.

Question 56

What is a common secondary complication of acne in dark-skinned individuals?

Answer 56

Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation.

Question 57

What non-antibiotic topical treatment is often used for mild acne?

Answer 57

Benzoyl peroxide or azelaic acid.

Question 58

Why is isotretinoin reserved for severe acne cases?

Answer 58

It has significant side effects, including teratogenicity and liver toxicity.