Viral Pathogenesis Flashcards
localized infection (entry from outside)
involves primarily nasal, oral, ocular, or genital routes
systemic infection (entry from outside)
involves primarily parenteral (like vein, skin, muscle), placental, or oral routes
most viruses are transported throughout the body via blood and lymph except for these 4 which remain localized in the respiratory tract
Orthomyxoviridae
Paramyxoviridae
Coronaviridae
Rhinoviridae
for cells of ectodermal origin, most viruses exhibit a
tissue “tropism”
factories of virus assembly
intracellular inclusion bodies
inflammatory response involves
polymorphonuclear infiltration, later replaced by lymphocytes and monocytes
chemokines cause
chemotaxis or “directed migration” of immune cells
cytokines do this
signal through receptors on immune cells or “cross signal”
Th1 cytokines
pro-inflammatory interferon gamma interleukin 1 alpha and beta TNF-a IL-12
Th2 cytokines
anti-inflammatory
transforming growth factor beta
IL-4
IL-10
HIV-1 augments the expression of
chemokind receptor 5 (CCR5) on monocytes
native ligand for CCR5
RANTES chemokine, released by cytotoxic T lymphocytes
RANTES stands for
Regulated upon Activation, Normal T cell Expressed and Secreted
virokines
proteins encoded by viruses that mimic proteins in the immune system (mimicry molecules)
HIV gp160 virokine function
binds CD4 in ER
