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Micro - Viruses > Intro to Virology > Flashcards

Intro to Virology Flashcards

1
Q

all viruses are submicroscopic except for

A

Poxviridae

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2
Q

virus, definition

A

submicroscopic protein or lipoprotein packages that harbor either DNA or RNA

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3
Q

characteristics of viruses (6 points)

A
  • submicroscopic
  • obligate intracellular parasites
  • have DNA or RNA but not both
  • not able to produce energy with a high potential
  • absence of ribosomes (Arenaviridae?)
  • replicate by assembly of subunits rather than by binary fission
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4
Q

virion

A

the infectious virus particle

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5
Q

examples of DNA viruses (5)

A
  • Poxviridae
  • Herpetoviridae
  • Adenoviridae
  • Papovaviridae
  • Parvoviridae
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6
Q

examples of RNA viruses (7)

A
  • Paramyxoviridae
  • Rhabdoviridae
  • Orthomyxoviridae
  • Coronaviridae
  • Togaviridae
  • Rheoviridae
  • Picornaviridae
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7
Q

the largest DNA virus is the

A

Poxviridae

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8
Q

the smallest DNA virus is the

A

Parvoviridae

parvo = “small”

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9
Q

largest RNA virus

A

Paramyxoviridae

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10
Q

smallest RNA virus

A

Picornaviridae

pico = “very small”

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11
Q

capsid

A

a protein coat which surrounds and protects the genome of the virus

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12
Q

genome

A

genetic material

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13
Q

icosahedral DNA viruses

A

Herpetoviridae
Adenoviridae
Papovaviridae
Parvoviridae

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14
Q

icosahedral RNA viruses

A

Togaviridae
Rheoviridae
Picornaviridae

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15
Q

helical viruses

A

aka radial viruses

always have an RNA genome

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16
Q

helical RNA viruses

A

Paramyxoviridae
Rhabodoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae

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17
Q

complex or binal viruses

A

have a protein coat that is not a capsid but consists of a complex mixture of protein and lipid material
belong to virus family Poxviridae

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18
Q

envelope

A

lipid material that surrounds the capsid or is part of the protein coat; the outermost structure of the virion

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19
Q

simple structure

A

helical or icosahedral capsid

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20
Q

complex structure

A

“complex” mixture of protein and lipid that coats the genome; no nucleocapsid

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21
Q

complex or binal symmetry components

A

Core (genome + proteins)
Lateral Body
Envelope

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22
Q

complex/binal virus example

A

poxvirus

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23
Q

icosahedral or cubic example

A

adenovirus

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24
Q

icosahedral or cubic structure includes a

A

capsomere

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25
Q

helical or radial structure includes

A

RNA

protomer

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26
Q

helical/radial virus example

A

Tobacco Mosaic Virus

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27
Q

complex/binal virions do not have a

A

capsid

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28
Q

Poxviridae family includes (4)

A

Cowpox
Variola major
Variola minor
Molluscum contagiosum

29
Q

all viruses of a given family are

A

morphologically idental

30
Q

a simple virion has a distinct

A

nucleocapsid

31
Q

3 structural components of the simple virion

A
  1. genome (DNA or RNA)
  2. capsid (protein coat that surrounds genome)
  3. envelope (lipid that surrounds the capsid or that is part of the virus coat)
32
Q

this virus synthesizes its own envelope

A

Poxviridae

33
Q

this virus has its own envelope

A

Hepdnaviridae (hep B virus)

34
Q

nucleocapsid

A

capsid + genome;

two types: icosahedral (cubic) and helical (radial)

35
Q

icosahedral viruses have a capsid composed of

A

capsomeres

36
Q

helical capsids are made up of identical structural units called

A

protomers

they do not have capsomeres

37
Q

characteristics of icosahedral viruses

A
  1. five-fold / three-fold / two-fold symmetry
  2. structure can be identified by x-ray diffraction (crystallography) and electron microscopy
  3. 20 faces and 12 vertices, all equilateral triangles
  4. chemical/mathematical structures with the intrinsic property of “self assembly” due to built in protein structure
  5. very strong - ideal protective coats
38
Q

capsomeres are made up of

A

structural units (proteins)

39
Q

pentameres

A

capsomeres at each of the 12 vertices

40
Q

hexameres

A

capsomeres within the 20 faces of equilateral triangles

41
Q

capsid functions (3)

A
  • protects the genome
  • attaches to receptors
  • evades immune system
42
Q

hemagglutinin / H protein

A
  • a glycoprotein expressed on virus envelope and on surface of infected cells
  • binds to mucoprotein receptors
  • agglutinates erythrocytes
43
Q

Neuraminidase (N protein)

A

enzyme that cleaves sialic acid on cell surfaces;

people produce antibodies to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase

44
Q

HN protein

A

combined functions of H protein and N protein

hemagglutinin + neuraminidase

45
Q

F protein

A

causes infected cells to fuse to uninfected cells forming polykaryocytes and evading the immune system

46
Q

envelope of HIV

A

glycoprotein gp120

47
Q

glycoprotein gp120 binds to

A

CD receptors on monocytes, CD4+ cells, and microglia

48
Q

antibodies to gp120

A

do not protect against HIV infection

vary from person to person

49
Q

gp41

A

transmembrane surface protein of HIV

used for screening of blood and blood products

50
Q

“seropositive” w/ regards to HIV means

A

person has antibodies to gp41 (anti-gp41)

51
Q

strand-wise, viruses can be

A

single-stranded or double-stranded

*DNA ones can be single-stranded too

52
Q

configuration-wise, viruses can be

A

circular or linear

53
Q

Adenoviridae configuration and strand

A

linear, double-stranded

54
Q

Parvoviridae configuration and strand

A

linear, single-stranded

55
Q

Papovaviridae configuration and strand

A

circular, double-stranded DNA

56
Q

Poxviridae configuration and strand

A

linear, double-stranded DNA
terminal covalent cross-links
Linear dsDNA

57
Q

herpetoviridae configuration and strand

A

linear, double-stranded DNA

inverted repeats with terminal redundancies

58
Q

Orthomyxoviridae* configuration and strand

A

segmented, single-stranded RNA

59
Q

simple virus is composed of

A

genome and capsid

sometimes envelope

60
Q

complex virus is composed of

A

genome

complex protein/lipid material (envelope) which serves as a protective coat

61
Q

all DNA viruses have double-stranded DNA except for

A

Parvoviridae - single-stranded DNA

62
Q

all RNA viruses have single-stranded RNA except for

A

Rheoviridae - double-stranded RNA

63
Q

these have segmented RNA (5)

A 
Rheoviridae
Orthomyxoviridae
Arenaviridae
Bunyaviridae
Retroviridae
64
Q

helical viruses have a(n) ____ genome

A

RNA

65
Q

all animal DNA viruses have linear nucleic acid except for

A

Papovaviridae and Hepdnaviridae - circular DNA

66
Q

all animal DNA viruses lack an envelope except for

A

Herpetoviridae
Poxviridae
Hepdnaviridae

67
Q

all helical animal viruses have

A

an envelope

68
Q

all animal RNA viruses have linear nucleic acid except for

A

Bunyaviridae

Arenaviridae - circular RNA

69
Q

enveloped viruses are sensitive to

A

ether

Micro - Viruses (2 decks)

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