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Microbiology Exam 5 > Viral Meningitis > Flashcards

Viral Meningitis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the brain the POE for viral infections?

A

NO

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2
Q

Why isn’t viral meningitis as common as in the past?

A

vaccination against mumps

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3
Q

how does the severity of viral meningitis differ from bacterial

A

viral is usually benign with rapid resolutions to disease process with little to no sequelae

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4
Q

what are the most common viral agents in meningitis

A

ECHO and Cocksackie

HHV 6 and 7

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5
Q

what age group dies HHV 6 and 7 target

A

6 months to 2 years

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6
Q

what age group does Non-polio enterovirus affect

A

2 yo and older

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7
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of viral meningitis

A

irratibility
lethargy
fever
HA, Nuchal rigid, vomit, opisthotonos, eyeball pressure, and photophobia

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8
Q

what is the major cause of acute febrile illness in infants and young children

A

HHV 6 and 7

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9
Q

What infection cause children 6mo-12mo to many ER visits (20%)

A

HHV-6

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10
Q

what is the cause of many first time febrile seizures among ages <2yo

A

HHV 6 and 7

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11
Q

Primary HHV6/7 infection in children with functional immune system results in

A

asymptomatic infection

exanthem subitum/roseola infantum

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12
Q

With symptomatic or asymptomatic HH-6 causes what types of infections

A

latent persistent infection

Chronic persistent infection (salivary glad)

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13
Q

what are the manifestation of HHV 6 and 7 meningitis and how long does it last

A

high fever, lethargy, irritability, malaise, no rash until fever disappears then rash appears
usually lasts 4-6 days

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14
Q

Diagnosis of aseptic meningitis

A

spinal tap is aseptic

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15
Q

Treatment of aseptic meningitis

A

treat otherwise healthy infants supportively, if therapy is done depends on viral resistance and sensitivity

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16
Q

what is HSV 2 aseptic meningitis

A

patient has genital herpes, fever and aseptic meningitis

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17
Q

what type a virus is a LCM virus

A

arenavirus

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18
Q

?what is LCM virus resistant to

A

Drying- important for transmission

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19
Q

what is the the morphology of LCM virus

A

enveloped nucleocapsid containing RNA

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20
Q

how many arena virus infect humans

A

7

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21
Q

what are the most important arena viruses

A

LCM

lassa virus

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22
Q

which arena virus is passed by inhalation of infected rat urine and causes hemorrhagic fever in humans

A

Whitewater arroyo virus

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23
Q

what is important about animals who are LCM virus reservior

A

the have life long viremia and shed virus in feces and urine

24
Q

what are the major animal reservoir for LCM virus

A

house mouse- primary
hamsters
other rodents

25
Q

how does LCM virus spread from rodent to human

A

direct wit infected animal
inhalation of aerosols or dust with virus
food

26
Q

when is the peak seasonality of LCM virus

A

winter- when rodents come inside house

27
Q

what is the consequence of LCM viral disease in immunocomprimised

A

systemic infection and death

28
Q

what is LCM virus pathogenesis

A

perivascular infiltration of meninges and all parts of the brain with macrophages and lympcytes

29
Q

What is grippe

A

a flu-like illness of variable duration is the most common manifestation of LCM virus

30
Q

What happens after defervescence of fever in LCM virus

A

a subacute meningitis with classic triad

31
Q

what are the possible outcomes of prenatal LCM virus infection

A

1st/2nd trimester

spontaneous abortion, chorioretinitis, microcephaly, macrocephaly, hydrocephalus

32
Q

what percentage of children have severe neurological sequelae in LCM virus

A

75%

33
Q

how do you diagnose LCM virus

A

history of rodent contact, CSF+Fluorescent AB test, acute & convalescent sera,

34
Q

what is the treatment for LCM virus

A

supportive can take up to 3 months

35
Q

what is the prevention for LCM virus

A

rodent control

36
Q

what are 4 types of non-polio enterovirus

A
  1. ECHOvirus
  2. Coxsackie
  3. Entervius 68-71
  4. HpeV 1-3
37
Q

What is non-polio enterovirus common for

A

important viral pathogen causing febrile illness with or without rash

38
Q

what ratio of febrile illness and young children during summer and fall months is non-polio enterovirus responsible for

A

1/2

39
Q

what is the most common known cause of aseptic meningitis in countries that vaccinate against mumps

A

non-polio enterovirus

40
Q

What is the transmission of non-polio enterovirus

A

fecal oral (water), inhalation, direct contact, hand to eye, in utero

41
Q

what is the reservoir for non-polio enterovirus

A

humans are sole host

environment and humans can be reservoir

42
Q

what is the gender relationship in non-polio enterovirus

A

males manifest with disease although equal m/f infected

43
Q

what is the age relationship in non-polio enterovirus

A

both incidence and severity are inversely related with patient age
1yo highest attack rate, severe disease in older

44
Q

what is the seasonality of non-polio enterovirus

A

temperate climate, peak in summer and fall months but sporadic can occur year round

45
Q

what are RF for non-polio enterovirus

A

neonates, immunocompromised

46
Q

what non-polio enterovirus can cause neonatal sepsis

A

ECHO virus

47
Q

how is Neonatal sepsis transmitted

A

vertically

48
Q

what is the POE of neonatal sepsis

A

POE to CNS via viremia

49
Q

what are predisposing factors for neonatal sepsis

A

male, premature, maternal infection 2 weeks before birth

50
Q

what is the acute febrile symptoms in non-polio enterovirus

A

fever, headache, malaise, +/-vomitting/diahhrea, +/- maculopapular rash

51
Q

what can non-polio enterovirus acute febrile disease develop into

A

classic: fever + rash, HFMD, herpangia. pleurodynia, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis or severe: meningitis ,viremia, encephalitis,myocarditis, hepatitis

52
Q

what are the age related signs of aspetic meningitis in non-polio enterovirus

A

young child- fever, irritability
older child- fever, headache, and nuchal rigidity
adult- fever, nuchal rigidity, and HA needing narcotics to manage

53
Q

which specific non-polio enterovirus causes regional and world epidemics of undifferentiated febrile illness that sometimes progresses to encephalitis?

A

enterovirus 71

54
Q

what are the 3 different encephalits syndoromes based n geographic location in non-polio enterovirus

A

acute flaccid paralysis (US, Europe, South America)
HFMD- meningoencephalitis (japan, China)
HFMD-encephalitis (Malaysia, Taiwan)

55
Q

how do you diagnose non-polio enterovirus

A

PCR for enteroviral agents, Tissue culture (rare but gold standard), PMNs predominate early then shift to leukocytosis

56
Q

what is the treatment for non-polio enterovirus

A

symptomatic

Pleconaril

57
Q

What is the prevention of non-polio enterovirus

A

none

Microbiology Exam 5 (7 decks)

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