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Unit 2: Microbiology > Viral Infections of the Skin > Flashcards

Viral Infections of the Skin Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where do viral skin infections come from?

A

Both inside and outside of the body

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2
Q

Sources of exogenous infections? Site?

A

Breaks in in skin, cuts, insect bites, pimples; Infection occurs at site of lesion

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3
Q

Source of endogenous infections?

A

Viremia due to viral spread thru lymph, blood, Reactivation from latency

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4
Q

Definition Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of the skin, non-infectious

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5
Q

Definition Exanthem

A

An eruptive disease, infectious rash

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6
Q

Definition Macular/Macule

A

Flat, discolored patch

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7
Q

Definition Papular/Papule

A

Raised, discolored patch

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8
Q

Definition Vesicular, vesicle

A

Raised, fluid-filled blister

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9
Q

Definition Erythema,erythematous

A

Redness

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10
Q

Definition Petechial, petechiae

A

Tiny, dark spots due to localized hemorrhage

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11
Q

Definition Pruritic, pruritis

A

Itchy

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12
Q

Definition Pustular, pustule

A

Vesicle filled with pus

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13
Q

Definition Umbilicated

A

Pustule with dimple (umbilicus) in center

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14
Q

How are herpesvirus shed from the body?

A

In secretions (breastmilk, saliva) and from mucous membranes (oral, genital)

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15
Q

When do most people acquire primary herpesvirus infection?

A

Childhood, but naive adults can be susceptible

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16
Q

Where does herpesvirus establish latency?

A

In neurons or lymphocytes

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17
Q

When does asymptomatic shedding of herpesvirus occur?

A

Whenever-the-fuck it wants to

18
Q

When does Primary Herpes Simplex Virus infection occur? How is it spread? Where are common lesions? Where is it latent? Tx? Approximate US population seropositive?

A

Childhood; Spread by close contact with active lesions or asymptomatic shedding; Mouth, face, nose, eyes; Dorsal root ganglia; Acyclovir; 50-80%

19
Q

How is recurrent HSV-1 expressed? What causes recurrence? What is important about expressed lesions? Tx?

A

Recurrent lesions (cold sores) on lips, eyes, or inside mouth; Fever, UV, Hormones, Stress; Lesions are contagious; Acyclovir for active sore or prophylaxis

20
Q

What causes HSV keratitis? What can chronic HSV keratitis cause? What is the mechanism? Tx?

A

Primary infection in the eye at birth; Recurrence of HSV1 and 2 can occur; Corneal scarring; T cells destroy cornea; Antivirals to prevent corneal damage, corneal transplant may be necessary

21
Q

What is Herpetic Whitlow and how is it acquired? Population at risk?

A

Primary HSV1 or 2 infection of non-mucosal site acquired by direct contact, can recur on hands, legs, back; Dentists, hospital workers, wrestlers

22
Q

Describe HSV2 primary infection. Tx? Why is Tx important? Who is at the highest risk for infection?

A

Extensive vesicular, pustular, or erythematous lesions on penis, labia, anus, generally below waist. Antivirals to shorten acute infection and prevent spread to brain; Congenital infections

23
Q

Describe HSV2 prodrome. How is HSV2 spread? How can you prevent HSV2 recurrence?

A

Pruritus, tingling at lesion site days before outbreak; Lesions contagious but asymptomatic spread is present as well; antiviral prophylaxis

24
Q

How is primary Varicella Zoster Virus transmitted? How long is incubation period? Symptoms, Tx and prevention? Complications? Relationship to age?

A

Highly contagious aerosol; 1-2 weeks; Distinctive “dew drops on rose petals” rash on face and trunk, lesions are pruritic, vesicular, scab and may scar; Acyclovir, Varivax vaccine; Visceral infection, dissemination to brain, pneumonitis, bacterial infection of lesions; Increased severity with age

25
Q

What is Herpes Zoster? Describe the prodrome. Syx of HZ. Population at risk. Tx Complications

A

Recurrent VZV; Burning, itching, tingling; Extremely painful, pruritic vesicular lesions over single dermatome; Elderly and immunocomp. Acyclovir/derivatives; Keratitis, retinitis, Bell’s palsy, postherpetic neuralgia

26
Q

What is Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus? What are the complications?

A

Zoster outbreak affecting the face; can destroy retina, and lead to blindness, no eye tissues are spared

27
Q

What type of vaccine is the VZV vaccine? What are the two vaccines and when are they indicated?

A

Live attenuated, Varivax prevents varicella for ages 1-60, Zostavax prevent zoster in ages >60 yo

28
Q

What causes primary mononucleosis? Population at risk? Where does the pathogen fall latent? What conditions occur with recurrence?

A

EBC infection of B cells and epithelia of oropharynx; 90% of adults have been infected with EBV in adolescence. In B cells; Associated with B cell cancers esp. in immunocompromised

29
Q

What is Oral hairy leukoplakia?

A

Painless epithelial overgrowth caused by EBV

30
Q

What are the symptoms of CMV infection? What pathogen does CMV mimic? How do you differentiate?

A

Generally no symptoms, but when they do occur, they mimic EBV mononucleosis. Lack of sore throat and presence of petechia rash/jaundice differentiate it from EBV

31
Q

What is another name for Roseola? Pathogens? Mechanism? Transmission? Population? Symptoms?

A

Exanthem subitum; HHV6b and HHV7; Bugs infect CD4+ T cells and become latent; Saliva; By age 2, 90% children have had roseola twice; 3 day illness of high fever, followed by faint rash on trunk

32
Q

What is KSHV? Where does the pathogen become latent? What are recurrences linked to?

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma Herpesvirus; Found in B cells and endothelial cells; Kaposi’s sarcoma, Body cavity-based lymphomas, Castelman’s disease

33
Q

Coxsackie Virus - Virus type. Skin manifestations? Hand, foot, and mouth disease manifestations? Population? Transmission? Tx? Prevention?

A

Small, naked, ssRNA viruses: Enteroviridae; Herpangina - thoat infection of tonsils and soft palate; Hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: eye pain, watery eyes, photophobia, blurred vision; Penful red blisters in throat, tongue, gums, hard palate, inside of cheeks, and pals of hands/soles of feet; Pre-school aged children/parents; Highly contagious, spread on hands/surfaces contaminated with feces and saliva, aerosol; None; Wash hands

34
Q

What is HPV? Type of pathogen? Transmission? Tx? Vaccine?

A

Human Papilloma Virus; small naked DNA virus; Direct contact, Chemical/surgical removal; Gardasil

35
Q

What is MCV? What kind of pathogen? Describe the lesions. Transmission? Population? Tx?

A

Molluscum Contagiousum Virus; Poxvirus - large enveloped DNA virus; Pearly, flesh-colored, raised, umbilicated, Skin to skin contact or through fomites; School-age children; Surgery, cryoTx, Chemicals, Topical Cidofovir

36
Q

What is Monkey Pox indistinguishable from? Where is it endemic? What is the natural host? Transmission?

A

Smallpox; West/Central Africa; Squirrel; Contact, Aerosol, Ingestion, Needles

37
Q

What causes smallpox? Syx? Tx?

A

Variola virus; Fever, severe aching pains, prostration, 2-3 days later umbilicated papular rash over face and extremities - papular, vesicular, pustular, scabs with pitted scars; Supportive care and vaccine (vaccine eradicated disease)

38
Q

What is the Smallpox vaccincation? Adverse reactions? Tx?

A

Vaccinia - mixed bag of poxviruses; Live vaccine that carries risk (esp. for immunocomp), Autoinnoculation of eye, Disseminated vaccinia, Eczema vaccinatum, Progressive vaccinia (necrosum or gangrenosum); Cidofovir and vaccinia Ig

39
Q

Measles virus; Type of virus? Importance of incubation period? Syx?

A

Paramyxovirus enveloped (-)RNA; Contagious during incubation period; Cough, conjunctivitis, fever, rash, Koplik spots (small red spots with bluish center on buccal mucosa)

40
Q

What is another name for Rubella virus? What type of pathogen? Transmission? Syx? When are infections most severe? Tx? Prevention?

A

German Measles; Togavirus enveloped (+)RNA Respiratory virus; aerosol; Maculopapular rash, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia; Congenital infections; None; MMR vaccine, Herd immunity

Unit 2: Microbiology (12 decks)

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