Viral Infections of the Lung Flashcards
mode of transmission of most viral resp infections
aerosol
viral causes of the common cold
- adenovirus
- RSV
- influenza
- parainfluenza
- coronavirus
symptoms of rhinovirus cold
- rhinorrhea
- mild fever
- productive cough
- no pink eye
which organism can mimic rhinovirus infections?
strep infections
what kinds of infection do adenovirus viruses cause?
- respiratory illness
- gastroenteritis
- conjunctivitis
- cystitis
- rash illnesses
what kinds of respiratory illness does adenovirus cause?
- pneumonia
- croup
- bronchitis
- common cold
which strain of adenovirus is associated with gastroenteritis and conjunctivitis?
Strain F
symptoms of gastric flu
- sore throat
- painful throat
- red eye
- diarrhoea
the shape of the adenovirus
- medium-sized
- non-enveloped
- icosahedral
- double stranded DNA
- relatively less stable to chemical or physical agents and adverse pH conditions, allowing for prolonged survival outside of the body
which population group is more prone to RSV infection?
children
which type of infections does RSV cause?
- pneumonia
- bronchiolitis
- colds
what is RSV associated to?
the pathogenesis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
characteristics of RSV
- labile paramyxovirus
- 2 subtypes
- Type B: asymptomatic strains
- Type A: more severe illness and predominate in outbreaks
clinical presentation of RSV infection
- rhinorrhea
- wheezing and coughing
- irritability and restlessness
- low grade fever
- airway obstruction: nasal flaring, costal retractions
- apnea
- circumoral and nailbed cyanosis
what is the antiviral used against RSV infections?
ribavirin (inhaled) - early treatment
prevention of RSV infections
- RSV-IGIV
- anti-RSV humanised murine monoclonal antibody
which distinctive disease does human parainfluenza virus cause?
croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)
what is the incubation period of HPIV?
1-7 days
which are the proteins found on an influenza virus?
- neuraminidase
- hemagluttinin
what happens to viruses if patients are treated with neuraminidase inhibitors?
the viruses cannot be released into the body after replication
what is the window of opportunity to give neuraminidase inhibitors?
until 48hrs after the onset of symptoms
when does a pandemic/epidemic happen?
when there is a sudden shuffle in the genetics of a virus or when you get reassortment (genetics of 2 different viruses get merged together)
how are influenza viruses categorised?
- virus type
- geographic origin
- strain number
- year of isolation
- virus subtype
when do explosive outbreaks of influenza happen?
- last few weeks of winter
- November-April in northern hemisphere
what are the type of influenza virus and what animal do they infect?
A: humans and animals
B: humans only
C: animals only
complications of influenza
- severe pneumonia
- heart failure
- inflammation of the heart
- encephalitis
in which population are adjuvant vaccines used?
elderly population
symptoms of influenza
- systemic
- abrupt onset
- high grade fever
- chills
- myalgia
- cough
- sore throat
- marked exhaustion
- can last around 2 weeks
what burden does influenza cause?
- increased hospitalisations
- increase in primary care visits
- excess mortality
- impaired work performance
- individuals feel awful
- increased work absenteeism
- lost productivity
- disruption of family and social life
antivirals against influenza
- oseltamirtib
- xanamivir
which virus causes SARS?
SARS-CoV
symptoms of SARS
- high fever
- headache
- body aches
- dry cough
- diarrhoea
workup of SARS
- CBC with differential
- pulse oximetry
- blood cultures
- sputum Gram stain and culture
- test for viral respiratory pathogens
