Viral Infections: Mumps Flashcards
What are the classic manifestations of mumps? Why is it so?
> Acute infection with pain and swelling of salivary glands
> Due to desquamation of ductal epithelial cells, edema, and inflammation of gland
Mumps is from what viral family?
Paramyxovirus
Mumps is transmitted via?
Respiratory droplets
What are the two surface glycoproteins in mumps virus?
> One with hemagglutinin and neuraminidase activities
> One with cytolytic activities
Discuss how mumps enters the body up to where it is disseminated
Start by entering the upper respiratory tract –> Drain in the lymph nodes –> Infect activated T cells –> Vascular dissemination to salivary and other glands of the body
What are other parts of the body that mumps may infect?
> CNS
Testis
Ovary
Pancreas
Is mumps a vaccine preventable disease?
Yes. It is included in MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine.
How to diagnose mumps?
> Clinical
Serology
Viral culture
PCR (for definitive and fast diagnosis)
What is the most common extra-salivary gland complication in 15% of the cases in mumps?
Aseptic meningitis
Aseptic meningitis is the most common extra-salivary gland complication in how many % of the cases in mumps? Why is it called “aseptic”?
> 15%
> Aseptic because in bacteriologic studies, you won’t find any organisms.
Enumerate other examples of mumps.
> Mumps parotitis
> Mumps orchitis
> Mumps pancreatitis
> Mumps encephalitis
Describe mumps parotitis.
> Bilateral in 70% of cases
> Enlarged glands with doughy consistency
> Moist, glistening, and reddish-brown in sectioning
> In microscopy: Edematous, interstitium with many macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and compression of acini and ducts.
> Neutrophils and debris may fill up ductal lumens –> Plugging of the lumens can lead to subsequent inflammation
Describe mumps orchitis.
> Common manifestation in males
> Marked testicular swelling
> Edema, mononuclear infiltration, focal hemorrhages
> Due to swelling, the blood supply is compromised, leading to infarction
> If left untreated: scarring, atrophy, sterility, extensive damage of the testis
Describe mumps pancreatitis.
> Infection and damage of acinar cells –> causing a release of digestive enzymes –> Parenchymal and fat necrosis, neutrophilic infiltration
Describe mumps encephalitis.
> Associated with perivenous demyelination and perivascular mononuclear cuffing.
