Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Exam 3 > Viral Hepatitis > Flashcards

Viral Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What do all hepatitis viral infections have in common?

A

ability to cause liver inflammation and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute only infections

A

vowels

A, E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acute/chronic infections

A

consonants
B, C, D
*need B to have a D infection (needs HBsAg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Hepatitis G Virus

A

RNA –> icosahedral –> enveloped –> ss(+) nonsegmented (IV) –> flavivirdae

  • same family as HCV and Yellow fever
  • contaminated blood products
  • current research says not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hepatitis A Virus

A

RNA –> icosahedral –> nonenveloped –> ss(+) nonsegmented (IV) –> picornaviridae –> enterovirus

  • small, naked virus
  • capsid structure is EXTREMELY STABLE (can be killed by chlorine water or formalin)
  • fecal-oral transmission
  • infects cells expressing HAV cell receptor 1 glycoprotein (liver and T cells)
  • infection results from immune response to virus –> ONLY ACUTE stage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical Findings of HAV

A

fever, fatigue, nausea, anorexia, ab pain, dark urine, jaundice
- acute infection detected by anti-HAV IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Treatment of HAV

A

supportive treatment for infected individuals
- IgG for contacted individuals
HAV Vaccine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hepatitis E Virus

A

RNA –> icosahedral –> nonenveloped –> ss(+) nonsegmented (IV) –> caliciviridae –> calicivirus

  • mimics HAV infection! –> ACUTE infection only
  • VERY dangerous in pregnant women
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why HEV bad for pregnancy?

A

immunological and hormonal factors may be responsible for more severe outcome –> T cells are reduced in pregnancy (HCG)
- damage to sinusoids results from the endotoxin (LPS) from gut flora that is left unchecked by suppressed immune system –> LPS is toxic to hepatocytes –> bad prognosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Hepatitis B Virus

A

DNA –> icosahedral –> enveloped –> DS (partial) circular DNA (VII) –> hepadenaviridae –> orthohepadnavirus

  • Dane particle infects host cell and a polymerase packaged by virus completes the DS genome –> enters nucleus and completes replication –> exits as Dane particle and HBsAg (decoy)
  • blood borne pathogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acute or progress to chronic HBV?

A

immune response will dictate whether patient progresses to chronic infection

  • more robust response –> acute only
  • less robust response –> chronic infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spread of HBV in body

A
  • virus enters blood –> enters liver (if immunized, doesn’t get to liver)
  • virus starts to replicate within liver within 3 days of exposure –> symptoms may take up to 45 days
  • secondary viremia that can be passed in body fluids (if robust immune response –> no viremia)
  • Antibodies to the HBsAg results in Type III hypersensitivity immune complex formation –> itching
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Acute serology course

A 
EARLY 
1. Spike in liver enzymes
2. HBsAg and HBeAg present
3. Anti-HBc rises
WINDOW
1. surface antigen and Anti-HBs not detectable because forming immune complexes together
LATE
1. No antigen present
2. Anti-HBs high
3. Anti-HBc and Anti-HBe decrease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chronic serology course

A 
EARLY
1. Spike in liver enzymes (not like acute phase)
2. HBsAg and HBeAg present
3. Ani-HBc rises
LATE
1. HBsAg persistnet
2. HBeAg eventually fades
3. Anti-HBc stays elevated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

HBV infection treatment

A
  • prophylaxis with IgG to newborns from HBsAg (+) mom and vaccine
  • chronic HBV –> antivirals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Hepatitis D virus

A

RNA –> icosahedral –> envelopd –> ss(-) circular genome (V) –> deltavirus
NOT INFECTIOUS UNLESS HBV present
- blood-borne pathogen –> leads to more rapid, severe infection with HBV than HBV alone
- superinfection the worst
- treating/vaccinating for HBV will cure/prevent HDV

17
Q

Hepatitis C virus

A

RNA –> icosahedral –> enveloped –> ss(+) nonsegmented (IV) –> flaviviridae

  • most HCV goes chronic!
  • blood-borne pathogen
  • has sites on its genome that require host proteases and some sites require viral proteases (targeted therapeutically)
  • infects CD81 liver cells
  • inhibit apoptosis –> persistent infection
18
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment of HCV

A
  • ELISA for anti-HCV antibody or RNA genome

- treatment effective against serotype 2 and 3, not 1 or 4

19
Q

Yellow Fever virus

A

RNA –> icosahedral –> enveloped –> ss(+) nonsegmented (IV) –> flaviviridae

  • south america and africa
  • spread by Aedes mosquito
  • HIGH FEVER and hemorrhagic diarrhea
  • virus is cytolytic and destroys cells as well as immune response creating damage
  • supportive care

GI Exam 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions