Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GASTRO > VIRAL HEPATITIS > Flashcards

VIRAL HEPATITIS Flashcards

1
Q

Which hepatitis virus is characterized by a 7.5-kb RNA genome, is nonenveloped, and is typically transmitted via the fecal-oral route?
A. HBV
B. HAV
C. HCV
D. HEV

A

Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HAV is a hepatovirus with a 7.5-kb RNA genome. It is nonenveloped, making it resistant to environmental stress, and is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most sensitive marker for diagnosing acute hepatitis A infection?
A. Anti-HBs
B. HBsAg
C. IgM anti-HAV
D. HBeAg

A

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The presence of IgM anti-HAV is the hallmark of acute hepatitis A infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following antigens is essential for identifying active HBV replication?
A. HBeAg
B. Anti-HBc
C. Anti-HBs
D. Anti-HBe

A

Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HBeAg is a marker of active HBV replication and high infectivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A patient with chronic hepatitis B infection tests positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc (IgG), and negative for anti-HBs. What does this indicate?
A. Immunity due to vaccination
B. Chronic HBV infection
C. Past resolved HBV infection
D. Acute HBV infection

A

Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of HBsAg and anti-HBc (IgG), without anti-HBs, is indicative of chronic hepatitis B infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which hepatitis virus requires the presence of HBV to complete its replication cycle?
A. HAV
B. HDV
C. HCV
D. HEV

A

Correct Answer: B
Rationale: HDV (hepatitis D virus) is a defective virus that requires HBV’s HBsAg for packaging and replication.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which hepatitis virus is most commonly associated with waterborne outbreaks in developing countries?
A. HAV
B. HBV
C. HEV
D. HCV

A

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HEV is a nonenveloped virus primarily transmitted via contaminated water and is associated with outbreaks in Asia, Africa, and Central America.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the primary antigen used for the diagnosis of hepatitis C infection?
A. HCV core antigen
B. HBsAg
C. Anti-HCV
D. HBeAg

A

Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anti-HCV antibodies are commonly used to screen for hepatitis C infection, though the HCV core antigen and RNA tests confirm active infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A patient presents with fatigue and jaundice. Their serologic results show the following:

HBsAg: Positive
ANTI-HBs: Negative
ANTI-HBc (IgM): Positive
HBeAg: Positive
ANTI-HBe: Negative
What is the most likely interpretation?
A. Acute hepatitis B, high infectivity
B. Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivity
C. Recovery from hepatitis B
D. Immunization with HBsAg

A

Answer: A. Acute hepatitis B, high infectivity

Rationale: The presence of HBsAg indicates active infection, and the presence of IgM ANTI-HBc signifies acute infection. HBeAg positivity reflects high infectivity, which is consistent with acute hepatitis B with high infectivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A patient has the following serologic pattern:

HBsAg: Positive
ANTI-HBs: Negative
ANTI-HBc (IgG): Positive
HBeAg: Positive
ANTI-HBe: Negative
What is the most likely interpretation?
A. Acute hepatitis B, high infectivity
B. Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivity
C. Hepatitis B in the “window period”
D. Recovery from hepatitis B

A

Answer: B. Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivity

Rationale: HBsAg positivity with IgG ANTI-HBc indicates a chronic infection. The presence of HBeAg suggests high infectivity. IgM ANTI-HBc would suggest acute infection, but it is absent in this case.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A patient’s serology results are as follows:

HBsAg: Negative
ANTI-HBs: Positive
ANTI-HBc (IgG): Negative
HBeAg: Negative
ANTI-HBe: Negative
What is the most likely interpretation?
A. Chronic hepatitis B
B. Recovery from hepatitis B
C. Immunization with HBsAg (after vaccination)
D. Acute hepatitis B

A

Answer: C. Immunization with HBsAg (after vaccination)

Rationale: The presence of ANTI-HBs without ANTI-HBc indicates immunity through vaccination, not previous infection. If immunity were due to prior infection, IgG ANTI-HBc would also be present.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A patient’s serologic results show:

HBsAg: Positive
ANTI-HBs: Negative
ANTI-HBc (IgG): Positive
HBeAg: Negative
ANTI-HBe: Positive
What is the most likely interpretation?
A. Acute hepatitis B
B. Chronic hepatitis B, low infectivity
C. Recovery from hepatitis B
D. Hepatitis B in the remote past

A

Answer: B. Chronic hepatitis B, low infectivity

Rationale: The combination of HBsAg positivity with IgG ANTI-HBc indicates chronic infection. The presence of ANTI-HBe without HBeAg suggests a lower infectivity phase of chronic hepatitis B.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A patient presents with the following serologic pattern:

HBsAg: Negative
ANTI-HBs: Positive
ANTI-HBc (IgG): Positive
HBeAg: Negative
ANTI-HBe: Positive
What is the most likely interpretation?
A. Recovery from hepatitis B
B. Immunization with HBsAg
C. Acute hepatitis B
D. Chronic hepatitis B, high infectivity

A

Answer: A. Recovery from hepatitis B

Rationale: The presence of ANTI-HBs and IgG ANTI-HBc indicates recovery from a past infection. HBsAg is absent, ruling out active infection, and the presence of ANTI-HBe supports a resolved infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which of the following individuals is NOT considered at high risk for HBV infection and does not require screening?
A. A pregnant woman
B. A household contact of a person with hepatitis B
C. A person born in a country with low HBV prevalence (<2%) who was vaccinated as a child
D. A person undergoing hemodialysis

A

Answer: C. A person born in a country with low HBV prevalence (<2%) who was vaccinated as a child

Rationale: Individuals born in countries with high or intermediate prevalence or those who were not vaccinated are at risk. A vaccinated person from a low-prevalence region is not considered high-risk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A person born in a country with a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence of 3% should:
A. Be screened only if they exhibit symptoms of liver disease
B. Undergo routine HBV screening as they are in a high-risk group
C. Be tested only if they report injection drug use
D. Not require screening if asymptomatic

A

Answer: B. Undergo routine HBV screening as they are in a high-risk group

Rationale: Countries with ≥2% HBsAg prevalence are considered intermediate-risk areas, and individuals from these regions are recommended for screening.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the recommended duration of antiviral treatment for severe acute hepatitis B?
A. Until HBsAg disappears
B. Until ALT and AST levels normalize
C. 3 months after HBsAg seroconversion or 6 months after HBeAg seroconversion
D. Indefinitely

A

Answer: C. 3 months after HBsAg seroconversion or 6 months after HBeAg seroconversion

Rationale: Treatment should continue until either 3 months after HBsAg seroconversion or 6 months after HBeAg seroconversion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the current recommended approach for treating acute hepatitis C in the era of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy?
A. Delay treatment for 3–6 months to allow for potential spontaneous recovery
B. Start treatment immediately with interferon-based therapy
C. Treat early with a standard, full 8- to 12-week course of DAA therapy
D. Treat only if symptoms become severe

A

Answer: C. Treat early with a standard, full 8- to 12-week course of DAA therapy

Rationale: In the era of highly effective DAA therapy, early treatment of acute hepatitis C with a full 8- to 12-week course of a first-line combination therapy is recommended, avoiding delays for spontaneous recovery.

17
Q

Which viral hepatitis types are most commonly associated with fulminant hepatitis?
A. Hepatitis A and C
B. Hepatitis B, D, and E
C. Hepatitis A, B, and C
D. Hepatitis C and E

A

Answer: B. Hepatitis B, D, and E

Rationale: Fulminant hepatitis occurs primarily in hepatitis B, D, and E, with hepatitis B accounting for over 50% of fulminant cases, often in association with HDV or chronic hepatitis C. Rare cases of hepatitis A and E-related fulminant hepatitis occur, particularly in specific populations.

18
Q

Which intervention may be lifesaving for patients with fulminant hepatitis?
A. High-dose antiviral therapy
B. Corticosteroid treatment
C. Liver transplantation
D. Hemodialysis

A

Answer: C. Liver transplantation

Rationale: Liver transplantation can be lifesaving for patients with fulminant hepatitis if a donor liver is located in time.

GASTRO (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions