Viral Hepatitis Flashcards
What are the types of liver diseases?
Alcohol
Toxic
Autoimmune
Infectious (viral, bacterial, parasite)
What are the types of hepatitis infection?
Acute
Chronic
How long does acute hepatitis last?
0-6 months
How long for chronic hepatitis?
> 6 months
What are the features of acute hepatitis?
Short term duration
Presents with clinical symptoms
Patient recovery
Infection resolves
What are the features of chronic hepatitis?
Delayed clinical presentation
Inflammation and fibrosis signs of progressive disease
Persistent
Higher risk of developing hepatic encephalopathy and liver carcinoma
What is the pathogenesis of hepatitis?
Infected hepatocytes Antigen presentation MHC class I CD8 cytotoxic T cells Inflammation Liver damage Symptoms ALT/ATP level rise Jaundice
What are the symptoms of hepatitis?
Jaundice Fever Pain Dark urine Itching Pale stools Sickness Anorexia Myalgia Arthralgia Malaise Hepatomegaly
What does AST stand for?
Aspartate aminotransferase
What does ALT stand for?
Alanine aminotransferase
What is jaundice?
Yellowing of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, pale stool and dark urine due to accumulation of bilirubin in blood and tissues
What are the types of jaundice?
Pre-hepatic jaundice
Intra-hepatic jaundice
Post-hepatic jaundice
What is pre-hepatic jaundice?
Increased breakdown of RBCs caused by extrinsic disease
What extrinsic disease can cause pre-hepatic jaundice?
Malaria
Sickle cell anaemia
Thalassaemia
What is intra-hepatic jaundice?
Damage to hepatocytes causes loss of liver function therefore altered metabolism of bilirubin