Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Microbiology > Bloodstream Infections > Flashcards

Bloodstream Infections Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is bacteraemia?

A

Presence of bacteria in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do microbes gain access?

A

Via portal of entry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What can bacteraemia lead to?

A

Systemic infection

Haematogenous disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What haematogenous disease can bacteraemia lead to?

A

Endocarditis
Osteomyelitis
Organ infections
Meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is septicaemia?

A

Bacteraemia and symptoms of systemic infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are symptoms of systemic infection?

A 
Pyrexia
Chills
Rigors
Hypotension
Shock
Multiple organ failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is sepsis?

A

Life-threatening condition where body’s response to infection injures tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is sepsis assessed by?

A

Sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) score

Measures function of major organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Subset of sepsis where underlying circulatory and cellular/metabolic abnormalities are profound enough to substantially increase mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment of sepsis?

A

Give oxygen (94%)
Take blood cultures
Administer empiric IV antibiotics
Measure serum lactate and send full blood count
Start IV fluid resuscitation
Commence accurate measurement of urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the effects of cytokine storm?

A

Inflammation
Shock
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mortality rate of sepsis?

A

35%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the primary cause of death from infection?

A

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What percentage of worldwide communicable disease deaths is due to sepsis?

A

Approximately 50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the negatives of antibiotic therapy?

A

Increases costs
Causes side effects
Complicates diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the leading causes of Sepsis?

A

Escherichia coli

Staphylococcus aureus

17
Q

How does E. coli infect a patient to lead to sepsis?

A

UTIs via catheters, intestinal lesions, biliary tract infections
Extra-intestinal diseases (extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli ExPEC)

18
Q

How does staphylococcus aureus infect a patient to lead to sepsis?

A

Via abscesses, cellulitis, infected joints, post-operative

19
Q

What are some other causes of sepsis?

A

Streptococci (pneumonia, agalactiae, pyogenes)
Salmonella typhi (paratyphi)
Candida
Neisseria meningiditis

20
Q

How do bacteria survive in the bloodstream?

A

LPS - resist lysis via complement deposition
Haemolysins
Glycocalyx (capsule/slime layer)
Camouflage by binding IgG in ‘wrong’ orientation

21
Q

What does protein A in staphylococcus aureus do?

A

SpA impedes phagocytosis by binding the Fc component of immunoglobulin

22
Q

Mutants of S. aureus lacking SpA means what?

A

More efficient phagocytosis in-vitro
Diminished virulence
Lost cloak of invisibility

23
Q

What does fibronectin binding protein do?

A

Tethers the bacteria to the endothelium lining

24
Q

What is infectious endocarditis caused by?

A

Bacteraemia after medical/dental procedures and colonisation of damaged heart valves

25
Q

Where can infectious endocarditis spread to?

A

Brain, lungs, kidneys, or spleen once form clots that break off

26
Q

What bacteria is responsible for infectious endocarditis?

A

Viridans streptococci (oral flora) e.g. Streptococcus oralis
Staphylococcus aureus
HACEK group organisms

27
Q

What are the pathogenicity factors in endocarditis?

A 
Clumping factor (fibrinogen binding protein)
Fibronectin binding protein
28
Q

What are some conditions of immunocompromised patients?

A 
Transplant related immunosuppression
Cancer
AIDS
Congenital problems 
Splenectomised patients
29
Q

What bacteria commonly cause infections to immunocompromised patients?

A 
Low-virulence opportunistic pathogens
C-N streptococci
Listeria spp
Candida spp
Aspergillus spp
30
Q

Which drugs are used for effective eradication for immunocompromised patients?

A

Cidal antimicrobials

31
Q

How is antibiotic susceptibility testing carried out?

A

Give provisional result
Use media and incubation appropriate to target
Confirm with purified cultures

Medical Microbiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions