Viral, fungal, bacterial Flashcards
Measles - characteristics
➤ Measles is caused by a virus which specifically infects the respiratory system
➤ More severe and can be life threatening (children ++)
➤ Results in a red or reddish-brown rash
German Measles - characteristics
➤ German measles is caused by a virus, which invades the lymph nodes, skin and eyes
➤ Benign or milder disease, but pregnant woman should be cautious
➤ Include red sports with a white centre known as Koplik spots, in oral cavity
Herpes simplex - what is it? Symptoms? Tx?
- Viral
- Contagious ➤ lies dormant – active again
- Symptoms clear within a few weeks without treatment
- Usually mild and will recur
- Oral anti-viral or lifestyle changes
- Can be dangerous for newborns
- HSV1= cold sores
- HSV 2= genital herpes
• Treatment:
o Acyclovir – first line
o Famciclovir, valacyclovir- nephrotoxic
o Lifelong – prevention
Plantar warts - Other name? Cause? Contagious? Characteristics? Tx?
- aka verrucas if occur in the foot
- HPV ➤ infects the outer epidermis ➤ epidermis grows thick
- Not highly contagious
- Vary in size
- Will go by themselves otherwise over the counter treatments
Shingles - caused by what?
- Herpes zoster shingles (chicken pox varicella zoster virus)
- Chicken pox in the past the virus lies dormant and becomes active again
Shingles - who can it infect?
➤ someone who has not had chicken pox
Shingles - attacks who?
Attack more likely: elderly, under stress, weak immune system, taking or having treatment that suppresses the immune system
Singles - S&S?
o First symptom pain, tingling or burning followed by a rash may also have a pyrexia and a headache
o Red spots turn into small fluid filled blisters, dries and crust will form
Shingles - Tx?
o GP
o Paracetamol for pain
o Keep rash clean and dry to reduce infection
o Wear loose fitting clothes
o Cool compress can help
o Can take 4 weeks rash to go
o Avoid: pregnant women, those with compromised immune system, other peoples babies < 1 month
Impetigo - who does it affect?
Children
Impetigo - Infection caused by what?
Infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or in hot climates streptococcus pyogenes or a mixture of the two
Impetigo - Contagious?
Contagious ➤ touch, bedding, clothes, towels
Impetigo - S&S?
Sore and itchy but feel ok
Impetigo - Where does it appear?
Most common exposed skin – face, nose, mouth, hands.
Impetigo - Characteristics
Groups of thin roofed pus filled blisters ➤ break become crusts.
Impetigo - Tx
o Swabbed to determine antibiotics
o But Rx should commence straight away
Impetigo.- Recurrence?
➤ need to swab nasal passages
Cellulitis - What is it? Caused by?
• Bacterial infection of skin and underlying tissues – streptococcus and staphylococcus
Cellulitis - S&S
o Redness
o Pain and tenderness
o Swelling
o Warmth of infected area
Cellulitis - Contagious?
No
Cellulitis - Where does it occur?
Can occur anywhere does not require previous injury
Cellulitis - Who is at increased risk?
Diabetic, circulatory problems hepatitis or cirrhosis, skin disorders
Cellulitis - can it spread?
Yes ➤ systemic
Cellulitis - Tx
Antibio
Scabies - What is it? Symptoms? Infectious? Advice & Tx?
- Infestation of mites
- Intense itching
- Starts usually between fingers but then spreads to the whole body
- Very infectious can take up to 8 weeks for rash to appear
- All people in the house need to be Rx
- Pharmacist: permethrin needs repeating if large area oral ivermectin
- All bedding, clothing etc MUST be washed at 50°C or higher on the first day of treatment
- If can not wash clothes needs to be put in a sealed bag for 3 days
- Avoid sexual contact or close physical contact until complete the Rx
- Nothing to do with hygiene
Ringworm - What is it? Characteristics?
- Red or silver rash
* It is a fungus
Ringworm - Location
• Can appear anywhere on the body: o Tinea corporis: ringworm on the body o Tinea capitis: scalp o Tinea pedis: feet o Tinea cruris: groin
Ringworm - Tx
clotrimazole, miconazole etc
Ringworm - Contagious?
• Highly infectious person, animals, soil and objects
Bullet type rash?
REFER ➤ Can be Lyme’s disease
Nail infections - By what? Where? Other infos
- Onchomycosis or tinea unguium
- 10% all adults in Western countries have fungal nail
- Infection
- Increases 20% if over 60 years
- More common on toe nail
➤ Can be a spread from Athlete’s foot.
Nail coloration - Types? What are they? Characteristics?
- Whitish/yellowish: Onycholysis ➤ air beneath the nail
- Red/black: haematoma after trauma if no known trauma possible melanoma
- Green nail: Pseudomonas bacteria ➤ foul odour
- Swelling and redness around the nail: paronychia = infection at the cuticle ➤ can be acute – bacteria or chronic- yeast
Athletes foot - What is it caused by? S&S? Prevention?
- Tinea Pedia
- Dry-looking skin, itching and burning between toes, scaling or peeling skin
- Contagious
- Prevention: wash feet daily with soap and water, avoid being barefoot, reduce perspiration, change socks and shoes regularly
Candida - S&S? Where? Risk factors? Tx?
- Usually asymptomatic on skin- usually transitory
- Mucosal breaks down ➤ infections
- Can occur in skin folds, groin, under the breasts, axillae, umbilical, perineal, neck and eyelids
- More likely where skin rubs, heat and moisture and inflammation
- Other risk factors: immunosuppression (HIV, drugs etc) extremes of age, diseases of the skin eg eczema, endocrine disorders (DM, Cushings syndrome, iron deficiency), poor hygiene
- 20 species
- Soreness and itching can become systemic ➤ systemic hospitalisation
- Otherwise – topical antifungal topical imidazole, for itch TCS (1% hydrocortisone)
