Viral Exanthem Flashcards
What pathogen causes measles
Measles virus / RNA paramyxovirus
What features are seen in measles prodrome
Fever and coryzal symptoms
Conjunctivitis
Koplik spots (greyish white buccal spots)
How does the rash in measles present
Starts behind the ears and spreads to face then to whole body
Discrete maculopapular rash
What causes scarlet fever
Group A strep / Strep pyogenes
What are the features of scarlet fever
Fever and lethargy
Sore throat
Strawberry tongue
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Treatment of scarlet fever
Phenxymethylpenecillin V for 10 days
When can children with scarlet fever go back to school
1 day after starting phenoxymethylpenecillin
When can children with measles go back to school
Must be isolated until 4 days after symptoms resolve
What is the causative agent of rubella
Togavirus
Symptoms of rubella
Fever
Joint pain
Sore throat
Posterior lymphadenopathy
Similar rash to measles but only lasts 4 days
Forchheimer spots - red spots on the soft palate
What is fifth disease and what causes it
Slapped cheek syndrome or erythema infectiosum
Caused by parvovirus 19
Symptoms of erythema infectiosum
Mild fever and coryza
Diffuse bright red rash on the cheecks
What causes hand foot and mouth disease
Coxsackie A virus
Symptoms of hand foot and mouth disease
URTI with fever and coryzal symptom
After 1-2 days, small mouth ulcers and vesicles of the palms and soles of feet
What causes chickenpox
Varicella zoster primary infection
When are children with chickenpox infectious
1-2 before rash until all lesions have crusted over
What is Kawasaki disease
Also known as mucotaenous lymph node syndrome
Systemic medium sized vasculitis
Symptoms of Kawasaki disease
High grade fever (more than 5 days) , more than 39 C and resistant to anti pyretics
Conjunctival injection
Strawberry tongue
Maculopapular rash of the hands and feet which peel
Cervical lymphadenopathy
Managment of Kawasaki disease
Echocardiogram for coronary aneurysms
High dose aspirin
IV immunoglobulins
