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Paeds > Development > Flashcards

Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are causes of SN hearing loss in infants

(Genetic and infection)

A

Genetic = waardenburg, alport and pendred

Infection- CMV and Rubella

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2
Q

Classic triad of congenital rubella syndrome

A

Congenital heart disease: pulmonary artery stenosis and patent ductus arteriosus

Sensioneural hearing loss

Eye abnormalities- congenital cataracts, glaucoma and retinopathy

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3
Q

Most common cause of congenital SN hearing loss

A

Cytomegalovirus

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4
Q

What are the TORCH infections

A

Toxoplasma gondii
Others (treponema pallidum, VZV, HIV
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes Simplex virus

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5
Q

Symptoms of TORCH infection

A

Microcephaly
Blueberry muffin rash
Jaundice
Hepatosplenomegaly
Lethargy
Seizures
SN HL

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6
Q

Treatment of congenital CMV

A

Ganciclovir

Valganciclovir

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7
Q

What type of test is the new born hearing test

A

Automated otoscoustic emission test

Done ideally first 4-5 weeks and can be done up to 3 months

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8
Q

What kind of hearing test are done in kids

A

Automated otoacoustic emissions

Auditory brain stem evoke potential (2nd line)

Distraction test

Speech discrimination

Pure tone audiometers

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9
Q

When is delayed walking a red flag

A

18 months

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10
Q

How is duchenne muscular dystrophy inherited

A

X linked recessive

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11
Q

What muscles are affected first in DMD

A

Hips, buttocks, calves and thighs

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12
Q

What is a positive Gowers test

A

Boy uses his hand to stand up from a prone position

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13
Q

What spinal issues are seen in DMD

A

Lumbar hyperlordosis
Scoliosis

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14
Q

What blood test can be ordered for DMD

A

Creatine kinase will be high as a marker of muscle breakdown

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15
Q

What 3 things should we expect a 3 month old baby to do

A

Head control
Fix and follow
Smile

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16
Q

At what age is the limit for a child being able to walk

A

18 months

Should be able to cruise around furniture at 10 mo ths

17
Q

At the what age should a baby be able to sit without support

A

9 months

18
Q

At what age should a baby reach out for toys

A

6 months

19
Q

At what age should a baby transfer toys fro, 1 hand to another

A

9 momths

20
Q

At what age should a baby have started to babble by

A

6 months

21
Q

How is SMA inherited

A

Autosomal recessive

Codes for SMN protein, so loss of LMN

22
Q

What motor neurone lesion presentation is seen in SMA

A

LMN, so fasciuclation, hypotonia, reduced muscle bulk and reduced or absent reflexes

Paeds (8 decks)

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