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Family Med EOR > Viral, Bacterial, & Parasitic Skin Infections > Flashcards

Viral, Bacterial, & Parasitic Skin Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What are the s/s of condyloma acuminata (genital warts)?

A

Tiny, painless papules

Evolve into soft, fleshy cauliflower-like lesions (ranging from skin colored to pink or red)

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2
Q

How & where does condyloma acuminata occur?

A

Occurs in clusters in the genital regions & oropharynx

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3
Q

How do you dx mucosal HPV?

A

Whitening of lesion w/ acetic acid application

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4
Q

How do you treat condyloma acuminata?

A

chemical, salicylic acid, cryotherapy, laser & podophyllin

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5
Q

What are the s/s of herpes simplex virus 1 & 2?

A

Prodromal sx 24hrs prior (burning, paresthesias, tingling) –> painful, grouped vesicles on an erythematous base

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6
Q

What are the s/s of acute herpetic gingivostomatitis?

A

Sudden onset fever, anorexia –> gingivitis, vesicles in mouth, tongue, & lips –> grey/yellow lesions

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7
Q

What are the s/s of acute herpetic pharyngotonsillitis?

A

Vesicles rupture –> ulcerative lesions w/ grayish exudates in posterior pharynx

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8
Q

What are the s/s of herpes labialis?

A

Cold sore, fever blister w/ stress/illness

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9
Q

How do you diagnose HSV?

A

PCR = most sensitive/specific test

Tzanck smear

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10
Q

How do you treat HSV?

A

Acyclovir, valcyclovir, famiciclovir

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11
Q

What viral family does molluscum contagiosum belong to?

A

Poxviridae

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12
Q

What are characteristics of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Highly contagious

MC in children, sexually active adults, pts w/ HIV

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13
Q

What are s/s of molluscum contagiosum?

A

Single or multiple dome-shaped, flesh-colored to pearly-white, waxy papules w/ central umbilication

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14
Q

How do you treat molluscum contagiosum?

A

No tx needed

Curettage, cryotherapy, podophyllotoxin.

Topical retinoids if severe

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15
Q

How do you treat verruca (warts)?

A

Most resolve spontaneously within 2 yrs

Topical salicylic acid & plasters

Cryotherapy, electrocautery, CO2, laser, bleomycin

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16
Q

How is varicella zoster virus (HHV3) transmitted?

A

Respiratory droplets, direct contact

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17
Q

What are the s/s of varicella (chicken pox)?

A

Fever, malaise, pruritis

Clusters of vesicles on an erythematous base “dew drops on a rose petal” in different stages*

Begins on face, trunk –> extremities

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18
Q

What are the s/s of herpes zoster (shingles)?

A

VZV reactivation along 1 dermatome of the dormant virus in the spinal root & CN ganglia

19
Q

What are the s/s of herpes zoster oticus (Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome)?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII) - otalgia, lesions on the ear, auditory canal & TM, facial palsy

Auditory sx: tinnitus, vertigo, deafness, ataxia

20
Q

How do you treat the chicken pox?

A

Symptomatic tx

21
Q

How do you treat the shingles?

A

Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir (given within 72 hrs to prevent PHN)

22
Q

How do you treat Ramsay Hunt Syndrome?

A

oral acyclovir + corticosteroids

23
Q

What causes cellulitis? How does it occur?

A

MC caused by S. aureus & GABHS/S. pyogenes

Occurs after a break in the skin

24
Q

What are s/s of cellulitis (locally)?

A

Macular erythema (not sharply demarcated), swelling, warmth, & tenderness

25
Q

What are s/s of cellulitis (systemically)?

A

Not common

Fever, chills, +/- tender lymphadenopathy, myalgias, vesicles, bullae, hemorrhage & necrosis

26
Q

How do you treat cellulitis?

A

Cephalexin, dicloxacillin x7-10days

Clindamycin or erythromycin if PCN allergic

MRSA: IV vanco or linezolid, oral TMP-SMX, doxycycline, daptomycin

27
Q

What causes erysipelas?

A

GABHS

28
Q

What are s/s of erysipelas?

A

Well demarcated margins of cellulitis, intensely erythematous (St. Anthony’s fire)

MC involves the face or skin w/ impaired lymphatic drainage

29
Q

How do you treat erysipelas?

A

IV PCN

Vanco (if PCN allergic or MRSA suspected)

30
Q

Describe vasculitis

A

See pages 63, 220-223, 340, 343, 438 of PANCE Prep Pearls

31
Q

What are RFs for impetigo?

A

Warm, humid conditions

Poor personal hygiene

32
Q

Where does impetigo occur on the body?

A

Sites of SF skin trauma, primarily on face & extremities

33
Q

What does nonbullous impetigo look like?

A

Vesicles, pustules –> “honey-colored crust”

MC type, a/w lymphadenopathy

34
Q

What bacteria causes nonbullous & bullous impetigo?

A

S. aureus MC

35
Q

What are the s/s of bullous impetigo?

A

Vesicles –> large bullae –> rupture –> thin “varnish-like crusts”

Fever, diarrhea

36
Q

What does ecthyma impetigo look like? What bacteria causes it?

A

Ulcerative pyoderma

GABHS

37
Q

How do you treat impetigo?

A

Topical mupirocin (bactroban) = DOC! x 10 days

Bacitracin. Good hygiene.

If extensive or sx persist –> Cephalexin, dicloxacillin, macrolides

38
Q

How are scabies transmitted?

A

Mites are transmitted through prolonged, skin-skin contact or fomites

Burrow into skin to lay eggs, feed, & defecate

39
Q

What are s/s of scabies?

A

Intensely pruritic lesions (papules, vesicles, & linear burrows). Increased at night

Commonly found in the intertriginous zones (web spaces btwn fingers/toes, scalp, scrotum, glans, penile shaft, body folds)

Usually spares the neck/face

40
Q

How do you diagnose scabies?

A

Clinically!

Skin scrapings of the burrows w/ mineral oil

41
Q

How do you treat scabies?

A

Topical permethrin = DOC! Applied from neck to the soles of feet for 8-14hrs before showering. Repeat application after 1 week.

Lindane (cheaper): DO NOT USE AFTER BATH/SHOWER –> SEIZURES!! Also teratogenic (DO NOT USE IN PREGNANCY, BREASTFEEDING, or CHILDREN<2)

42
Q

What are s/s of pediculosis (lice)?

A

Intense itching (esp occipital area), papular urticaria near lice bites

Nits: white oval shaped eggs at base of hair shafts

43
Q

How do you treat pediculosis?

A

Topical permethrin = DOC! x 8-10 hrs

Capitus: permethrin shampoo x 10mins

2nd line: Lindane (S/E = neurotoxic)

Family Med EOR (15 decks)

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