Villanelle

Question 1

Walter Skeat

Answer 1

“you need not be an atom of a poet” to write a villanelle (written in villanelle form)
Part of a wide tradition of villanelles written describing the process of writing a villanelle

Question 2

Apel

Answer 2

Notes it has common features with the fixed ‘poetico-musical forms’ performed by French C12/13th troubadours; performativity of this tradition emphasised

Question 3

Phillip Jason - repetition

Risk; connection; progression

Answer 3

‘likely to promote unity, but runs the risk of tedium’
Refrains ‘connect different scenes’
‘staggered repetition…insinuates a journey…[but] can become cyclical or polar’

Question 4

Phillip Jason - perfect material

Answer 4

‘truths in paradoxical conflict’ perfectly suited to villanelle form
‘potential for handling duality, dichotomy, and debate’