Pastoral

Question 1

Garber

Surface/Subtext

Answer 1

‘the surface points to presence…the subtext announces absence as a contrary force and equally necessary’
[this causes the ‘melancholy’ of pastoral?]

Question 2

Garber

Nostalgia

Answer 2

‘not a flight out of history but an acknowledgement of its hold and an attempt to understand the conditions of this hold’

Question 3

Greg

Answer 3

‘nostalgia, the universal symptom of the pastoralist’

Question 4

Kennedy

Answer 4

‘a clearing of imaginative and poetic space in which to contemplate fundamentals’

Question 5

Starke

Answer 5

‘fundamental narcissism of the pastoral retreat’

[Poggoli - incompatible with Christianity?]

Question 6

Kennedy

Answer 6

‘A clearing of space in which to contemplate fundamentals’

Question 7

Empson

Answer 7

‘complex in simple’
‘Take a limited life and pretend it is the full one’
‘A half-magical idea is the quickest way to the truth’

Question 8

Alpers

Answer 8

Pastoral as ‘unifying social force’

Question 9

Haber

Answer 9

‘self-consciously self-contradictory mode’

Question 10

Hammond

Answer 10

Idea of superiority of rural living only appeared in C18th

Question 11

Machor: Urban Pastoral

Answer 11

Two main uses: ‘the internalised and the ironic’

There is an interest in ‘the complementary relationship between these two realms and the values they represent’

Question 12

Ramazani: mimesis

Answer 12

Elegy is a ‘mimesis of mourning…ultimately reductive’