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History > Vikings > Flashcards

Vikings Flashcards

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1
Q

What where the Viking chiefains called?

A

Konungr

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2
Q

What were three main social groups of Viking Society?

A

Jarls, Karls, Thralls

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3
Q

What was the name of the Viking social class made up of powerful noblemen?

A

Jarls

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4
Q

What was the name of the Viking social class made of slaves, criminals, and the poorest of poor?

A

Thralls

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5
Q

What is the name of the Viking social class made up of farmers and craftsmen?

A

Karls

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6
Q

A Viking woman’s main duty was to do what?

A

Look after children and manage the home.

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7
Q

What is thought to be the boundary between men’s and women’s social roles?

A

The threshold of the home

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8
Q

Why where Viking women typically independent people?

A

With their husbands so frequently away they had to keep things going.

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9
Q

What did Viking women wear at the shoulder to hold up their aprons?

A

Broaches

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10
Q

How were noble Vikings different from peasants?

A

They were generally more finely made and more colourful.

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11
Q

What s the main reason Viking villages were built close to water?

A

To make it easy to unload ships.

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12
Q

When at home, where did the Viking urinate and defecate?

A

An outdoor hole in then ground.

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13
Q

Where did the Viking tend to sleep?

A

In long houses

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14
Q

What is the link between Australians bedrooms and Vikings?

A

“Doona” comes from the Norse word, “dunn” meaning feather down.

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15
Q

What is the “Oseberg”

A

A ship

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16
Q

How long was the “Oseberg”

A

22 meters

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17
Q

What were the Viking political assemblies known as?

A

Things

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18
Q

Before the 12th century, Viking laws were not what?

A

Written down

19
Q

Which of the following options were punishments for those who were unable to pay the fine required by the thing?

A

Death or banishment

20
Q

Traditionally, what was the Viking economy based on?

A

Agriculture

21
Q

Stashes of foreign coins found in modern-day Sweden have proved evidence that the Swedish Vikings were trading as far as where?

A

Russia and Central Asia.

22
Q

What did the Vikings usually do with their dead?

A

Cremated then buried the remains.

23
Q

The traditional stories Vikings told about their gods, the creation of the world, etc. where known as?

A

The Viking Sagas

24
Q

The roles of Vikings gods/goddesses

A

Odin:
King of the gods; responsible for magic, poetry and war.

Frigg:
Goddess of women and the home.

Freya:
Goddess of beauty; rode a chariot, pulled by two cats.

Freyr:
God of Fertility, peace and harvests.

Thor:
God of storms and thunder; carried a hammer used to make lightning.

25
Q

Norse worlds in Viking mythology.

A

Asgard:
Home of the Norse gods, full of halls and palaces. The most splendid was Valhalla, the hall of slain battle heroes. They were taken there by beautiful women on horseback: the Valkyries, Odin’s messengers.

Alfheim:
Home of the Light Elves, where the god Freyr lived.

Vanaheim:
Home of the Vanir gods, an older group of gods, who, for a time, battled the gods of Asgard.

Midgard:
The Earth, the world of humans; a rainbow bridge linked it to Asgard.

Svartalheim:
Home of the Dark Elves, who live underground.

Nidaverllir:
Home of the Dwarfs, who live underground and were talented craftspeople.

Jotunheimr:
Home of the rock giants, who threatened both humans and the Asgard gods; their king was Thrym, a frost giant.

Muspelheim:
Home of the fire giants. Its ruler, Sutr, will set Yggrdasil on fire at Ragnarok and kill Freyr.

Hel:
The cold, misty underworld, where everyone except heroes went after death. For people who broke laws, it was a place of punishment.

26
Q

What were the characteristics of and honourable Viking man?

A

Never breaking a promise to a fellow warrior, accepting that life and death were decided by fate, being patient and cool-headed when taking revenge and facing death with courage.

27
Q

What is believed by scholars to be the reasons for Viking raids?

A

Revenge, desire for wealth, opportunism, necessity, desire for glory.

28
Q

Why did Vikings wear helmets with big horns on the side?

A

Viking didn’t wear “horned helmets.” The horns are historical inaccuracy, perpetuated by popular culture.

29
Q

What piece of clothing marked out berserkers?

A

Bear or wolf skin coats.

30
Q

To which god are berserkers linked to?

A

Odin

31
Q

What was a “Heaven scraper”?

A

Axe

32
Q

What was a “Battle flame”?

A

A sword

33
Q

What was “Battle hag”?

A

Axe

34
Q

What was “Foot biter”?

A

Sword

35
Q

Their weaponry and jewels tells us that Vikings were what?

A

Skilled metalworkers.

36
Q

The Anglo-Saxon chronicle tells us 793 CE was significant for what reason?

A

It was the year of the first Viking attack in England.

37
Q

Most of the records about the Vikings were left by Christian monks who were often the victims of Viking attacks. How might the monks’ involvement in raid affect their account of them?

A

It could lead to exaggeration.

38
Q

Who forced the Viking leader, Guthrum, to surrender and become Christian?

A

King Alfred

39
Q

What was the area of eastern England that Vikings could regard as their own as part of the peace treaty of 873 CE known as?

A

Danelaw

40
Q

Who is believed to be the first European to set foot in North America?

A

Leif Ericsson

41
Q

What is thought to end the settlement in North America?

A

Hostile attacks by the Indigenous people.

42
Q

In what three modern-day countries were the three most dominant Viking kingdoms formed?

A

Norway, Sweden and Denmark

43
Q

The expression, “to pay through the nose”, comes from what Viking practice in Ireland in the 8th century?

A

Slitting the nose was the penalty for the non-payment of taxes.

44
Q

How did the adoption of Christianity by settling Vikings influence their social behaviour?

A

Attacks on Christian communities stopped altogether, burial practices changed and disgraced-base revenge killings stopped.

History (5 decks)

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