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Vikings > Viking England > Flashcards

Viking England Flashcards

1
Q

Who killed an Anglo-Saxon official in Portland, Weymouth. And when?

A

Norwegians.

787

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2
Q

What year was Lindasfarne raided?

A

793

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3
Q

What does the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles talk of in regards to Lindisfarne?

A

Rapine and slaughter

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4
Q

What monastery was burnt in 802?

A

Iona

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5
Q

Where are stolen artefacts often found, and why?

A

Female graves, suggests men went raiding to prove they could provide for the women.

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6
Q

What did England consist of at this time?

A

Well organised Saxon Kingdoms

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7
Q

What two factions were warring in northern Britain?

A

The Picts and the scots

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8
Q

By what century had the Pictish kingdom vanished?

A

800

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9
Q

What evidence suggests Orkney, Shetland and northern Scotland was heavily settled by Norwegians?

A

Viking place names.

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10
Q

Which Scottish King took advantage of the Viking invasion to defeat the Picts and when?

A

Kenneth Maccapine 849

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11
Q

When did the Viking armies first start to winter in England

A

850’s

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12
Q

When did conquest by the Viking armies become apparent?

A

860’s

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13
Q

Who were believed to be the two main Viking leaders?

A

Ragnar Hairy Breeks and his son Ivar the Boneless

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14
Q

When was Edmund, King of east Anglia killed?

A

869

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15
Q

When did King Etherlared first fight the Vikings?

A

871

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16
Q

Who succeeds Ethelred as Wessex King?

A

Alfred.

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17
Q

What year did the Great Army winter in London?

A

872

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18
Q

When did the Vikings winter in Repton?

A

873-874

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19
Q

Who led the Viking army on the conquest of Mercia, and when?

A

Halfden, 874

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20
Q

Who was created the Viking puppet King in Mercia?

A

Ceowulf

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21
Q

When did land distribution amongst the Vikings take place?

A

876

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22
Q

Who moved north to attack the Picts?

A

Haldan

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23
Q

Who emerged as the war leader in the south?

A

Guthrum.

24
Q

In what year did Guthrum win the battle of Wareham?

A

876

25
Q

Where did Alfred the Great seek refuge once most of Wessex had submitted, and when?

A

The marshes of Alderny, Somerset in 878.

26
Q

What did Alfred do whilst in the marshes, and what did this lead too?

A

Reformed his army attacking and defeating the Vikings the following year at Edington, Wiltshire.

27
Q

A truce was agreed with Guthrum, but on what condition?

A

Guthrum had to be baptised.

28
Q

What was created following the truce?

A

The division of England into Danelaw.

29
Q

What areas did Danelaw include?

A

The areas north of Watling Street,

The Roman road that ran easy to west from London up to Chester.

30
Q

What was Guthrum’s name once he was christened?

A

AEthelstan

31
Q

When did AEthelstan die?

A

890

32
Q

What did Alfred do following his victory?

A

Consolidated his kingdom, built fortresses, established a defence strategy and raised navy.

33
Q

What was the name given by the Fortresses Alfred built and who garrisoned them?

A

‘Alfred’s Burhs’ garrisoned by civilian soldiers

34
Q

What was the north of the Viking kingdom called, and what did it include?

A

The kingdom of York, all areas north up to and including Northumbria

35
Q

What were the southern areas of the Viking kingdom called, and what did it include?

A

The 5 boroughs, all areas south down to East Anglia.

36
Q

Who succeeded Alfred, and when?

A

Edward the elder, 899

37
Q

Who succeeded Edward the Elder, and when was his rule?

A

Alfred’s grandson, AEthelstan, 924-939

38
Q

What did Edward the Eldar attempt during his reign, and why did his sister play a part.

A

Reconquering Mercia, his sister was the widow of a Mercian king.

39
Q

Who led the Viking army to invade Northumbria, and who was his allies?

A

Olaf Guthfrithson allied with the King of Scotland and Strathclyde

40
Q

When did the Vikings attempted to re-take Northumbria

A

937

41
Q

Which Anglo-Saxon defeated this invasion?

A

AEthelstan, Alfred’s grandson.

42
Q

Who, at this time was the Viking King of York, and what was his fate?

A

Eric Bloodaxe, he was to be the last Viking King York.

43
Q

Which Danish King United Denmark, what did he introduce, and what did it create?

A

Harold Bluetooth,

Introduced Christianity and created a ‘second Viking age’ of state sanctioned raiding.

44
Q

What impetus did the Anglo-Saxons give the Danes in return for going home, when was it introduced?

A

A quantity of silver called the Danegeld. introduced in 991

45
Q

Which Dane conquered England for the second time and when?

A

Swein Forkbeard,

1013

46
Q

Who was Swein Forkbeards beard son, and when did he become king of England?

A

Cnut, 1016

47
Q

Where else did King Cnut rule?

A

The whole of England, Denmark and Norway.

48
Q

Who succeeded Cnut and when?

A

Edward II (the confessor) 1042

49
Q

What did Edward lack which created a succession crises, and when?

A

Children, 1066

50
Q

Who laid claim to the English throne in 1066, why?

A

William, Duke of Normandy, Cnut’s wife’s great Nephew.

51
Q

Who became English king following Edward II’s death?

A

Harold, Edwards most powerful nobleman

52
Q

Where were the Vikings finally defeated and what follows?

A

Stanford Bridge, Harold hears of Williams invasion in the south and makes his stand at Hastings.

53
Q

Where have excavations of a Viking burial pit taken place?

A

Ridgeway in Weymouth

54
Q

Roughly how many men were found in the burial pit, and what is distinctive about them?

A

~51, they have all been decapitated with heads placed at one side of the pit and bodies at the other.

55
Q

What data confirms that the bodies found in the burial pit were Scandinavian and not Anglo-Saxon?

A

Isotopic analyses

56
Q

What evidence primarily provides evidence of Danelaw settlement, what can be an example?

A

Scandinavian names prominent, eg Gate = Road and By = farm

Westgate and Selby.

Vikings (9 decks)

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