Viking England Flashcards
Who killed an Anglo-Saxon official in Portland, Weymouth. And when?
Norwegians.
787
What year was Lindasfarne raided?
793
What does the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles talk of in regards to Lindisfarne?
Rapine and slaughter
What monastery was burnt in 802?
Iona
Where are stolen artefacts often found, and why?
Female graves, suggests men went raiding to prove they could provide for the women.
What did England consist of at this time?
Well organised Saxon Kingdoms
What two factions were warring in northern Britain?
The Picts and the scots
By what century had the Pictish kingdom vanished?
800
What evidence suggests Orkney, Shetland and northern Scotland was heavily settled by Norwegians?
Viking place names.
Which Scottish King took advantage of the Viking invasion to defeat the Picts and when?
Kenneth Maccapine 849
When did the Viking armies first start to winter in England
850’s
When did conquest by the Viking armies become apparent?
860’s
Who were believed to be the two main Viking leaders?
Ragnar Hairy Breeks and his son Ivar the Boneless
When was Edmund, King of east Anglia killed?
869
When did King Etherlared first fight the Vikings?
871
Who succeeds Ethelred as Wessex King?
Alfred.
What year did the Great Army winter in London?
872
When did the Vikings winter in Repton?
873-874
Who led the Viking army on the conquest of Mercia, and when?
Halfden, 874
Who was created the Viking puppet King in Mercia?
Ceowulf
When did land distribution amongst the Vikings take place?
876
Who moved north to attack the Picts?
Haldan
Who emerged as the war leader in the south?
Guthrum.
In what year did Guthrum win the battle of Wareham?
876
Where did Alfred the Great seek refuge once most of Wessex had submitted, and when?
The marshes of Alderny, Somerset in 878.
What did Alfred do whilst in the marshes, and what did this lead too?
Reformed his army attacking and defeating the Vikings the following year at Edington, Wiltshire.
A truce was agreed with Guthrum, but on what condition?
Guthrum had to be baptised.
What was created following the truce?
The division of England into Danelaw.
What areas did Danelaw include?
The areas north of Watling Street,
The Roman road that ran easy to west from London up to Chester.
What was Guthrum’s name once he was christened?
AEthelstan
When did AEthelstan die?
890
What did Alfred do following his victory?
Consolidated his kingdom, built fortresses, established a defence strategy and raised navy.
What was the name given by the Fortresses Alfred built and who garrisoned them?
‘Alfred’s Burhs’ garrisoned by civilian soldiers
What was the north of the Viking kingdom called, and what did it include?
The kingdom of York, all areas north up to and including Northumbria
What were the southern areas of the Viking kingdom called, and what did it include?
The 5 boroughs, all areas south down to East Anglia.
Who succeeded Alfred, and when?
Edward the elder, 899
Who succeeded Edward the Elder, and when was his rule?
Alfred’s grandson, AEthelstan, 924-939
What did Edward the Eldar attempt during his reign, and why did his sister play a part.
Reconquering Mercia, his sister was the widow of a Mercian king.
Who led the Viking army to invade Northumbria, and who was his allies?
Olaf Guthfrithson allied with the King of Scotland and Strathclyde
When did the Vikings attempted to re-take Northumbria
937
Which Anglo-Saxon defeated this invasion?
AEthelstan, Alfred’s grandson.
Who, at this time was the Viking King of York, and what was his fate?
Eric Bloodaxe, he was to be the last Viking King York.
Which Danish King United Denmark, what did he introduce, and what did it create?
Harold Bluetooth,
Introduced Christianity and created a ‘second Viking age’ of state sanctioned raiding.
What impetus did the Anglo-Saxons give the Danes in return for going home, when was it introduced?
A quantity of silver called the Danegeld. introduced in 991
Which Dane conquered England for the second time and when?
Swein Forkbeard,
1013
Who was Swein Forkbeards beard son, and when did he become king of England?
Cnut, 1016
Where else did King Cnut rule?
The whole of England, Denmark and Norway.
Who succeeded Cnut and when?
Edward II (the confessor) 1042
What did Edward lack which created a succession crises, and when?
Children, 1066
Who laid claim to the English throne in 1066, why?
William, Duke of Normandy, Cnut’s wife’s great Nephew.
Who became English king following Edward II’s death?
Harold, Edwards most powerful nobleman
Where were the Vikings finally defeated and what follows?
Stanford Bridge, Harold hears of Williams invasion in the south and makes his stand at Hastings.
Where have excavations of a Viking burial pit taken place?
Ridgeway in Weymouth
Roughly how many men were found in the burial pit, and what is distinctive about them?
~51, they have all been decapitated with heads placed at one side of the pit and bodies at the other.
What data confirms that the bodies found in the burial pit were Scandinavian and not Anglo-Saxon?
Isotopic analyses
What evidence primarily provides evidence of Danelaw settlement, what can be an example?
Scandinavian names prominent, eg Gate = Road and By = farm
Westgate and Selby.
