VIII. Early Christian Period, IX. Byzantine Period, X. Romanesque Period Flashcards
Art pertaining to those produced by the early Christians until the founding of Byzantine
Early Christian Period
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
• Symbolisms of ancient Christian
• Became the initial basis for Byzantine Art
Fish and Cross
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
• Early christian church
• Long rectangular plan
Basilica
PARTS OF BASILICA
• Open-air court
Atrium
PARTS OF BASILICA
• Principal or central part of a church
Nave
PARTS OF BASILICA
• Semicircular projection of a building usually vaulted
• Located infront of the nave
Apse or Apsis
PARTS OF BASILICA
• Placed at the center of the apse
• Table in a Christian church upon which the Eucharist, the sacrament celebrating Christ’s Last Supper is celebrated.
• Also called communion table
Altar
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
• A dispute over the religious images
• Prohibited the production of icons in representational human form
Iconoclastic Controversy
EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD
• Started the Iconoclastic Controversy in 726
Emperor Leo III
BYZANTINE PERIOD • New capital for the Roman Empire in Byzantium • Built by Constantine I in 323 AD • Greek for 'city of Constantine' • Nova Roma in New Rome
Constantinople
BYZANTINE PERIOD
• The emperor from 527-565 AD
Justinian
BYZANTINE PERIOD
• Rise of the faith of _____
Islam
BYZANTINE PERIOD
• The background of a Byzantine painting
a. Single Plane
b. Double Plane
c. Three-Dimensional Plane
d. None of the above
a. Single Plane
BYZANTINE PAINTING
• Naturalism is largely ignored.
• Figures in _____ poses
Frontal
BYZANTINE ART FORMS
• Handwritten book written on vellum
• Decorated with gold or silver
• Brilliant colors or elaborate designs on miniature pictures.
Illuminated Manuscripts
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• The church plan in Western Europe
Latin Cross Church
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• The church plan in Eastern Europe
Central-plan Church
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• Complex layouts and an exceptional affinity for ____
Domes
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• The interior of a Byzantine building was coated in lavish ____ and ____
- Mosaics
* Murals
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• Column capitals often embellished with intricate reliefs such as ____ or ____ design.
- abstract
* floral
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• Inverted concave triangle that springs from a corner of the square curving up to meet the other ____
Pendentive
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• Corbel type arches piled on top of another
• Built across the upper inside corner of a square tower
Squinch Arch
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• Slender tower attached to a mosque
• Where the Muezzin calls the Muslim people to pray
Minaret
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• Sanctuaries that enshrine a relic/tomb of a martyr.
Martyrium
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURE
• Used for the sacrament of baptism
Baptisteries
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS
• Large original building with a dome over the central core.
Church of San Vitale
BYZANTINE ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS
• Built as the major cathedral in Constantinople
• A basilica with a narthex at the west
• Altar framed by an apse at the east
• Nave is vaulted by a great dome of 33m or 109 ft in diameter.
• Domed cross plan
Hagia Sophia “Holy Wisdom”
- A style of art emerging in Italy in the 9th Century.
* “in the Roman manner”
Romanesque
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Religious way of life in which one renounces worldly pursuits to devote oneself fully to spiritual work.
Monasticism
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• A way of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor.
Feudalism
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Religious expeditionary wars blessed by the Pope and the Catholic church
• Goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem
Crusades
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Economic system based upon limited land ownership and forced labor (serfs)
Manorialism
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Container of relics (body parts or possessions of saints)
Reliquaries
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Unique embroidered narrative
• Resonates the events leading to the Battle of Hastings
Bayeux Tapestry
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• The Romanesque sculpture served as “________”.
• Relief images carved on church entrance
literature for the illiterate
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Monumental western front of a church
• Treated as tower or towers containing a low entrance hall and a chapel open to the nave above.
Westwork
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• The favorite themes of their architectural sculpture
- Majesty of Christ
- Last Judgment
- Torments of Hell
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• The space between an arch and horizontal head of a door or window below.
• Decorated with sculpture
Tympanum
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Column supporting the Tympanum of a doorway at its center.
Trumeau
ROMANESQUE PERIOD
• Distinct form of decoration aimed at relieving otherwise blank walls.
Blind Arcading
ROMANESQUE ARCHES
• Struck from one or more centers below springing line.
Segmented Arch
ROMANESQUE ARCHES
• Arch resting on an imposts treated as downward continuations of an archivolt.
Stilted Arch
ROMANESQUE ARCHES
• Having an intrados that widens above springing before narrowing to a rounded crown.
Horseshoe Arch
ROMANESQUE CHURCH PLAN
• Any longitudinal divisions separated from te nave
Aisle
ROMANESQUE CHURCH PLAN
• Raised platform transverse open space separating the nave and apse
Bema
ROMANESQUE CHURCH PLAN
• As wide as the nave
• Forming a square at the crossing
• Consisting of the choir and the apse
Transept
ROMANESQUE CHURCH PLAN
• Part of the church occupied by the singers
Choir
ROMANESQUE CHURCH PLAN
• Semi-circular walkway with chapels off it surrounding the sanctuary.
Ambulatory
ROMANESQUE CHURCH PLAN
• Appointed place for preaching
Pulpit
ROMANESQUE CHURCH PLAN
• Building or complex of buildings that houses a room reserved for prayer
• Domestic quarters and workplace(s) of monastics.
Monasteries
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS
• Famous for its leaning tower
Cathedral of Pisa
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS
• Pilgrimage destination for Paul’s pilgrims
Santiago de Compostela, Spain
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS
• The greatest Norman (English term for Romanesque) building in England.
• Most ambitious Romanesque church
Durham Cathedral
