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ID: History Of Art & Interior Design > IV. Aegean Period, V. Greek Art, VI. Etruscan Period, VI Roman > Flashcards

IV. Aegean Period, V. Greek Art, VI. Etruscan Period, VI Roman Flashcards

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1
Q

The civilization that flourished on the Greek peninsula, in Asia Minor, on the north coast of Africa, and in the western Mediterranean until the establishment of the Roman dominion in 146 AD, characterized by a system of construction based on rules of FORM and PROPORTION.

A

The Aegean Period (3000-1200BC)

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2
Q

What are the 3 civilizations under the Aegean Period?

A
  • Cycladic (3200-1200 BC)
  • Minoan (3000-1500 BC)
  • Mycenaean (1600-1300 BC)
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3
Q

A civilization under the Aegean Period that was named for the legendary king Minos of Crete.

A

Minoan

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4
Q

The civilization under the Aegean Period that is from the land of the Legend of Troy.

A

Mycenaean

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5
Q

The land of the Legend of Troy.

A

Mycenae

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6
Q

From which civilization under the Aegean period does the marble sculptures (idols) that are most found lying down in grave belong to?

A

Cycladic

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7
Q

A fresco (painted plaster) that is found from a wall of the Palace at Knossos with a bull and 3 human.figures.

A

The Bull Leaping Fresco

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8
Q

A spreading palace of stone and wood for the king, with so many chambers above and below ground. It consists of Pillow capitals and frescoes lined interior and portico walls.

A

Palace of Knossos

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9
Q

A Mycenaean funerary gold mask found in Tomb V in Royal circle A at the Acropolis of Mycenae.

A

Mask of Agamemnon

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10
Q

The Mycenaean fortress on a hill is entered through what gate?

A

Gate of Lions or Lions Gate

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11
Q

A prehistoric throne room. A building or semi-independent unit of a building, typically having rectangular principal chamber with a center hearth and a porch, often with columns in antis; traditional in Greece since Mycenaean times and believed to be the ancestor of the Doric temple.

A

Megaron

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of a Megaron?

A
  • Front Porch w/ 2 columns
  • Antechamber (Vestibule)
  • Throne Room
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13
Q

The beehive tombs of the Mycenaean.

A

Tholos

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14
Q

The arrangement of courses of layers of stone so that each level projects over a stone.

A

Corbeling

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15
Q

The term which means city in Greek.

A

Polis

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16
Q

A period in Greek art wherein pottery decoration moved beyond simple shapes to also include animals and humans. Everything, however, was rendered with the use of simple geometric shapes.

A

Geometric Period

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17
Q

The Greek art period best known for the beginnings of realistic depictions of humans and (no coincidence) monumental stone sculptures. The construction of oldest Doric and Ionic temples as well as the life-size stone statues such as Kourus and Kore.

A

Archaic Period

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18
Q

The limestone Greek male statue.

A

Kourus

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19
Q

The limestone Greek female statue.

A

Kore

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20
Q

In which Greek art period does the black and red figure ware belong to?

A

Archaic Period

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21
Q

It was during this Greek art period that human statues became so heroically proportioned. Contrapposto in statues. Rebuilding of the Athenian Acropolis.

A

Classical Period

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22
Q

The contrary positions of the arms and legs.

A

Contrapposto Position

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23
Q

Of or pertaining to ancient Greek history, cultural art, especially before the time of Alexander the Great. It was during this time that the Corinthian capitals were introduced.

A

Hellenic Art

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24
Q

A style under the Hellenic period which is characterized by movement; towards increasing naturalness and freedom of form; use of lost wax method and bronze casting.

A

Severe style

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25
Q

A Greek temple during the Classical Period dedicated to the goddess Artemis. It was located in Ephesus.

A

Temple of Artemis

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26
Q

Of or pertaining to Greek, culture and art of the times of Alexander the Great’s death in 323 BC through the 1st century BC during which the Greek dynasties were established in Egypt, Syrian and Persia, and Greek culture was modified by foreign elements.

A

Hellenistic Art

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27
Q

A Greek pottery style characterized by the assimilation of Eastern iconography. Shapes are larger and more curvilinear, and geometric patterns are now used simply as borders.

A

Orientalizing Style

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28
Q

A Grek pottery style wherein the artist painted the figure in black silhouette with a slip made of clay and water.

A

Archaic

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29
Q

A Greek pottery style wherein figures were left in red against a black background, and details were painted in black.

A

Late Archaic to Classical

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30
Q

A Greek pottery style wherein a wash of white clay formed the background. Figures were then applied in black and additional colors were added.

A

Classical to Late Classical

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31
Q

Greek pottery is divided into what 4 categories?

A
  • Storage and Transport Vessels
  • Mixing Vessels
  • Jugs and Cups
  • Vases for Oils, Perfumes and Cosmetics
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32
Q

A Greek water jar with 3 handles.

A

Hydria

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33
Q

A Greek flask for storing and pouring oil.

A

Lekythos

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34
Q

A large vessel with 2 handles for mixing wine and water.

A

Krater

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35
Q

A Greek vessel for storing hone, olive oil, wine and water.

A

Amphora

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36
Q

A stemmed cup with 2 horizontal handles and a stemmed foot, used for drinking wine.

A

Kylix

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37
Q

A jug for pouring wine.

A

Oinochoe

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38
Q

A deep Greek bowl.

A

Skyphos

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39
Q

A drinking cup with huge swung handles that extend above the lip of the pot.

A

Kantharos

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40
Q

A jar used for storing liquids such as oils and wines. Also used to contain ashes after cremation.

A

Pelike

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41
Q

A small circular box with a lid, often used for the storage of jewelry and toiletries.

A

Pyxis

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42
Q

A Greek vase used in religious practices for the pouring of libations, they may also take the shape of animal heads, especially bulls.

A

Rhyton

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43
Q

A Greek order that is the most earliest and most massive. The column has no base; fluted shaft and plain capital.

A

Doric

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44
Q

A Greek order that is lighter than Doric. It has fluted shaft and a base. It has a volute capital.

A

Ionic

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45
Q

A Greek order which is a variant of the Ionic with its plinth and fluted shaft and its distinctive ornate capital.

A

Corinthian

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46
Q

What are the 3 major parts of the Greek orders?

A
  • Base and Capital
  • Upright Column
  • Horizontal Entablature
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47
Q

The topmost step of a stereobate.

A

Stylobate

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48
Q

The column itself in a Greek order which is composed of individual sections (drums) and concave grooves (flutes), with a base and capital.

A

Shaft

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49
Q

The topmost structural member of a column.

A

Capital

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50
Q

A snug band at the top of the shaft.

A

Necking

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51
Q

A flat, curved element like a plate with rounded sides on a Doric capital.

A

Echinus

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52
Q

The flat square above the Echinus of a Dorig order.

A

Abacus

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53
Q

Forms the lintel; an elaborate horizontal band and molding above the column.

A

Entablature

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54
Q

A part of the entablature which is a plain, horizontal member above a capital.

A

Architrave

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55
Q

A band above the architrave consisting of alternating triglyphs and metopes.

A

Frieze

56
Q

A part of an entablature’s frieze that are rectangles with vertical incisions carved into their surface.

A

Triglyphs

57
Q

A part of an entablature’s frieze that are slabs of stone either plane or with sculpture in relief.

A

Metope

58
Q

A short band under the triglyph.

A

Regula

59
Q

A projection above the frieze to protect it from the weather.

A

Cornice

60
Q

A low, slanting cornice.

A

Raking Cornice

61
Q

A triangular gable usually having a horizontal cornice, with raked cornices on each side, surmounting.

A

Pediment

62
Q

A technique applied on columns which do not taper in a straight line, but bulge outward about one-third of the way up from the base.

A

Entasis

63
Q

A small, flat, plain surface used to separate other moldings.

A

Fillet

64
Q

A wide, straight surface in Greek molding and molding ornamentation.

A

Fascia

65
Q

A convex curved surface; quarter circle; often with egg and dart motif.

A

Ovolo

66
Q

A concave surface approximating the interior curve of a quarter circle.

A

Cavetto

67
Q

An S-shaped curved surface that starts and ends horizontally; usually with honeysuckle motif.

A

Cyma Recta

68
Q

An S-shaped curved surface that starts and ends vertically; usually with waterleaf motif.

A

Cyma Reversa

69
Q

A convex surface approx. the exterior of semi-circle, with guilloche.

A

Torus

70
Q

A deep, hollow, concave molding found on column base.

A

Scotia

71
Q

Columns with shafts in female form.

A

Caryatids

72
Q

A sculptured male human figure in place of a column to support an entablature.

A

Telamon or Atlas

73
Q

A marketplace or public square in an ancient Greek city, usually surrounded with public buildings and porticoes and commonly used as a place for popular or political assembly.

A

Agora

74
Q

A long colonnaded multi-purpose building usually detached and of considerable length, used as a promenade or meeting place around public places.

A

Stoa

75
Q

The fortified high area or citadel of an ancient Greek city.

A

Acropolis

76
Q

A part of a Greek temple’s hypostyle hall which is the inner portico in front of the naos of a classical temple.

A

Pronaos

77
Q

A part of a Greek temple’s hypostyle hall which is the sanctuary of a classical temple, containing the cult statue of he god.

A

Naos

78
Q

A form of Greek architecture which is used for plays and performances; it consisted of stone seats wrapped around the orchestra and face the skene (stage building).

A

Theater

79
Q

A type of a Greek theater that is a semi-circular form and hollowed out of a hill.

A

Auditorium

80
Q

A covered smaller Greek theater.

A

Odeon

81
Q

A type of a Greek theater used for horses and chariot races.

A

Hippodrome

82
Q

A part of a Greek theater which is a large, circular area that contains a slightly raised stne on which was placed the statues of deities.

A

Orchestra (dancing place)

83
Q

A part of a Greek theater which is used as an acting area behind the orchestra.

A

Proscenium

84
Q

A structure in a Greek theater that serves as a backdrop for the acting area or dressing room.

A

Skene

85
Q

Entrance and exit portals on each side of the orchestra in a Greek theater.

A

Parodos (Entrance)

Exodus (Exit)

86
Q

A form of a Greek architecture which is the senate house for elected officials.

A

Prytaneion

87
Q

Translated as council house, assembly house, and senate house, was a building in ancient Greece which housed the council of citizensof a democratic city state.

A

Boueterion

88
Q

A form of a Greek architecture which is a large tomb that is usually a large stone building with places of entombment above the ground.

A

Mausoleum

89
Q

The fortified citadel and state sanctuaryof the ancient city of Athens.

A

Acropolis of Athens

90
Q

The monumental entrance to the Acropolis.

A

Propylaea

91
Q

A picture gallery. The name is specifically used for the building containing pictures which formed the left wing of the Propylaea on the Acropolis at Athens, Greece

A

Pinacotheca

92
Q

A Greek temple built in ca, 420 BC in the Ionic order. It has a prostasis on the east side, a monumental propylon on the north, and the famous porch of the Caryatids on the south. Dedicated to the worship of the 2 principal gods, Athena and Poseidon-Erectheus.

A

Temple of Erechtheion

93
Q

The chief temple of the Greek goddess Athena on the hill of the Acropolis at Athens, Greece. Generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order.

A

Parthenon

94
Q

A period from Etruria (modern Tuscany) and the Etrusci Sea. For centureies, they have been considered as decadent and blood thirsty people with a predilection for piracy, superstition and magic.

A

Etruscan Period

95
Q

What is the type of art applied on portraiture and relief sculptures during the Roman period?

A

Realism

96
Q

Sculpture representing the upper portion of the human body showing only the head, shoulders and upper chest.

A

Bust

97
Q

What are the 3 periods of the Roman Empire?

A
  • Roman Republican Empire
  • Early Roman Empire
  • Late Roman Empire
98
Q

General features of Roman Art?

A
  • Mural Form
  • Panel Portrait
  • Realistic Style
99
Q

Roman Republican Art

A sculpture in a form of representation of a person in which the face and its expression is predominant. The intent is to display he likeness, personality and even the mood of the person.

A

Portrait Sculpture

100
Q

Roman Republican Art

A sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material. Appears on altars, arches and tombs.

A

Relief Sculpture

101
Q

Italian for true fresco, is a fresco painting technique in which alkaline-resistant pigments, ground in water, are applied to wet plaster.

A

Buon Fresco

102
Q

A wall painting technique where pigments mixed with an organic binder and/or lime are applied onto a dry plaster.

A

Secco Fresco

103
Q

A pattern or picture made of many small colored pieces of stone, glass, etc; sometimes in Trompe L’oeil technique.

A

Mosaics

104
Q

An arch that was used during the Roman Imperial art to commemorate victorious generals or significant public events such as the founding of new colonies, the construction of a road or bridge, the death of a member of the imperial family or the accession of a new emperor.

A

Triumphal Arch

105
Q

Wedge-shaped stones formed by the use of CENTERING.

A

Arch

106
Q

Temporary framework for SUPPORTING MASONRY OR VAULT during construction.

A

Centering

107
Q
  • Extended Arch

* Forms the ceiling of a building

A

Vault

108
Q

VAULT

• Having a semi-circular cross section

A

Barrel Vault

109
Q

VAULT

• Two intersecting vaults

A

Groin Vault

110
Q

Extended round arch

A

Dome

111
Q
  • A Roman author, architect, civil engineer and military engineer
  • Established rules for standardizing the Greek orders for architecture
A

Vitruvius

112
Q

VITRUVIUS

• A measuring unit for each order.

A

Module

113
Q

VITRUVIUS

• Entablature is __ height of the column.

A

1/4

114
Q

VITRUVIUS

• Shaft is __ smaller in diameter at the top than its base.

A

1/6

115
Q

ROMAN MAJOR ORDERS

• Combination of Ionic Shaft and Corinthian Capital

A

Composite

116
Q

ROMAN MAJOR ORDERS
• Simplified version of the Roman Doric order.
• Unfluted columns, plain frieze and no triglyphs.

A

Tuscan

117
Q

FORMS OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
• The counterpart of the Agora of the Greeks.
• Composed of temples, triumphal arches, pillars of victories, Roman basilica, senate and shops.

A

Forum

118
Q

ROMAN TEMPLE

• High platform upon which the temple was raised

A

Podium

119
Q

ROMAN TEMPLE
• Contains the cult statue
• Equivalent of Naos of Greeks

A

Cella

120
Q

ROMAN THEATER

• Highly decorative wall or backdrop at the rear of the stage of a Roman theater

A

Scanae frons

121
Q

FORMS OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
• Oval or round building with tiers of seats around a central arena
• For gladiatorial contests and spectacles

A

Amphitheater

122
Q

FORMS OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
• Long hairpin race course for chariot races
• Also called hippodrome

A

Circus

123
Q

FORMS OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE

• Large reservoirs/cisterns for lead pipes to transport water to towns.

A

Aqueducts

124
Q

FORMS OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
• Building to house the Roman law court
• Became a hall of justice and commercial exchange

A

Basilica

125
Q

PARTS OF THERMAE

• Hot room

A

Caldarium

126
Q

PARTS OF THERMAE

• Warm room

A

Tepidarium

127
Q

PARTS OF THERMAE

• Cold room

A

Frigidarium

128
Q

PARTS OF THERMAE

• Dry sweating room

A

Lanconicum

129
Q

PARTS OF THERMAE

• Oiling and shampooing room

A

Unctuaria

130
Q

PARTS OF THERMAE

• Dresing rooms

A

Apodyteria

131
Q

FORMS OF ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
• A great marble monument
• Constructed during the reign of Augustus

A

Ara Pacis

132
Q

ROMAN ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS

• Temple of every God

A

Pantheon

133
Q

PANTHEON

• Commissioned the building of Pantheon during the reign of Augustus in 27 BC.

A

Marcus Agrippa

134
Q

PANTHEON

• Rebuilt the Pantheon in 120 AD changing it to the circular shape it has now.

A

Emperor Hadrian

135
Q

• Circular opening at the crown of a dome.

A

Oculus

136
Q 
ROMAN ARCHITECTURAL LANDMARKS
• Also called Flavian Amphitheater
• For Roman games
• Combination of Roman arch and vault construction
• Exterior walls are 48m high
A

Colosseum

ID: History Of Art & Interior Design (15 decks)

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