Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chiropractic theories > VII. Done Pathophysiologic And Pathomechanical Components Of The Vertebral Subluxation Complex (VSC) > Flashcards

VII. Done Pathophysiologic And Pathomechanical Components Of The Vertebral Subluxation Complex (VSC) Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: Vertebral subluxation complex is a bone out of place with nerve compression

A

Nope, it is viewed as a complex theoretical phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are extra articular things that may cause joint restriction?

A

Injury and spasm
Reflex muscle spasm
Soft tissue fibrosis
Stages of injury and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main difference between Maigne hypothesis and Korr hypothesis?

A

Maigne: overstretching
Korr: approximation

Both lead to muscle spasm. But Maigne suggested its because of over-stretching while Korr hypothesised its the approximation of short segmental muscles that leads to spasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the myofascial cycle idea

A

Once segmental muscles splinting is initiated it may become self perpetuating and, over time, may develop into muscle contracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The inflammatory phase of injury repair last for how long

A

2-4 days

May persist with re-injury or chronic stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to tissues during the inflammatory phase of injury repair

A

Increased tissue permeability, so fibroblasts and macrophages and fibrinogen are doing their jobs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the signs of a patient being in the inflammatory phase of injury repair?

A 
Redness
Heat
Swelling
Pain
Muscle splinting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F. Redness, heat, swelling are always evident for deep soft tissues of the back

A

False.

May not be evident because of thick soft tissue muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

In chart notes, what do you write down when a patient is in the inflammatory phase of injury?

A

Acute ______itis

Ie. Acute myofasicalitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When there is inflammation, what is the suffix?

A

“itis”

If not inflammed, then it’s “osis”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Goals of therapy when patient is in the inflammatory phase of injury repair

A

Limit inflammatory exudates
Decrease pain
Decrease muscle spasm
Promote pain-free mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What therapies may be used when patient is in the inflammatory phase of injury repair?

A

Immobilization
Mobilization
Gentle manipulation in pain-free direction
Anti-inflammatory agents and analgesics
Ice (=vasoconstriction, decrease swelling)
Electrical modalities
Home stretching/mobilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the second phase of an injury?

A

Repair phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How long does the repair phase last?

A

6 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is happening in the repair phase of injury repair?

A

Consolidation, organization and fibrosis (collagen deposition)
Scar formation
Significant tissue vulnerability persists in early stages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the signs of the repair phase?

A

Pain
Joint restrictions
Adhesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What diagnostic terms could be used in the repair phase? ie. What would you write in your charts

A

Sub- or post-acute sprain, strain, etc
Joint dysfunction
Subluxation syndrom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the goals of therapy when in the repair phase?

A

Minimize intra-articular adhesions
Promote normal joint motion
Promote normal tissue flexibility
Normalize proprioception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What treatments/therapies might you use for someone in the repair phase?

A 
Mobilization
Manipulation
Active motion
Cross-fiber friction
Electrical modalities
Proprioceptive retraining
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the final phase of injury recovery?

A

Remodeling phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How long can the remodeling phase of injury repair last?

A

Months to years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the characteristics of the remodeling phase?

A

Remodeling of tissue in response to function demands

Limited depend on the degree of injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the signs of patients in the remodeling phase?

A

Altered soft tissue texture/flexibility
Joint restrictions
Pain
Hypermobility/instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Diagnostic terms for remodeling phase?

A

Chronic sprain, strain, etc
Joint dysfunction
Subluxation syndrome
“Osis”

25
Q

“osis”

A

Not inflammed

Ie tennis elbow is called lateral epicondralisis when inflamed, however when it is NOT inflammed you call it: lateral epicondralosis

26
Q

Goals of therapy for patient in remodeling phase

A

Reduce pain
Promote normal joint mobility
Promote proper stress lines for collagen fiber alignment
Normalize proprioception

27
Q

What therapies do you use for the remodeling phase?

A 
Manipulation
Mobilization
Rehabilitation/exercises
Cross-fiber friction
Proprioceptive retraining
28
Q

What is it called when the fibrous cap of the meniscoid (or interpophysary meniscus or capsular infolding) is drawn in between the articular surfaces?

A

Meniscoid entrapment

29
Q

What is the theory about interapophysary meniscus (capsular infolding)?

A

It’s drawn in between the articular surfaces and trapped by them

30
Q

If interapophysary meniscus (capsular infolding) is prolonged and left untreated, the articular cartilage may

A

Reshape around the meniscoid, encarcerating it within the joint

31
Q

Meniscoid entrapment vs extrapment

A

Entrapment is inside, extrapment is outside.

The adjustment is the same

32
Q

Fissuring of the annulus and migration of nuclear fragments into posterior fissures

A

Interdiscal block

33
Q

Structural degenerative alteration in osseous articular structures

A

Osteoarthrosis (DJD — degenerative joint disease)

34
Q

What is the joint called when there is increased segmental mobility and normal coupling patterns that is stable under normal loading?

A

Join hypermobility

35
Q

What is the joint called when there is increased segmental mobility resulting from degenerative changes or acute trauma to articular soft tissues? (Abnormal patterns of movements and coupling.)

A

Clinical joint instability

36
Q

T/F there is evidence that subluxation can result in nerve root or spinal cord compression

A

False

37
Q

Motion segment subluxations narrowing the IVF leading to altered vascular dynamics within the IVF and nerve root ischemia and dysfunction is called

A

Indirect compression

38
Q

The reflex hypothesis that persistent altered proprioceptive and/or nociceptive input leading to sensitization of neuron pools is called what

A

CNS reflexes

39
Q

Mechanical joint derangement or joint immobilization inducing segmental tissue damage and liberation of inflammatory agents is what

A

The theory of the dysfunction induced inflammatory reaction

40
Q

Tearing or stretching of the muscle leading to

protective splinting and joint dysfunction

A

Injury and spasm

41
Q

Mechanical or inflammatory stimulation of articular

structures leading to reflex segmental muscle splinting

A

Reflex muscle spasm

42
Q

Injury or immobilization leading to fibrosis and

decreased flexibility in articular soft tissues

A

Soft tissue fibrosis

43
Q

What is an inter articulate adhesion?

A

Fibrotic invasion and adhesions between articular surfaces

44
Q

The hypothesis that the motion segment subluxation narrows the IVF leading to direct
compression of the nerve root and therefor its function

A

Direct bony compression (this is a debated hypothesis)

45
Q

What is the theory of a subluxation complicated with associated joint pathologies?

A

The nerve root is more prone to compression in this situation

(i) Disc herniation
(ii) Degenerative joint and disc disease
(iii) Joint injury with capsular swelling

46
Q

What is the theory of a uncomplicated subluxation?

A

the nerve root is anatomically not vulnerable to compression

47
Q

The reflex hypothesis that Altered spinal mechanics leading to direct irritation of sympathetic chain

A

Mechanical irritation of sympathetic ganglion

48
Q

The reflex hypothesis that Altered spinal mechanics, especially cervical or pelvic, leading to traction and tethering of cranial nerves as they exit through dura or skull foramina

A

Mechanical irritation of parasympathetics

49
Q

Clinical signs of neurologic dysfunction

A

(1) Pain (2) Altered temperature regulation (3) Muscle splinting (4) Analgesia (5) Hypesthesia (6) Paresthesias (7) Hyperesthesia (8) Altered somatic and/or visceral function

50
Q

What are the pathological divisions of the vertebral subluxation complex (VSC)?

A

Mechanical
Neurobiologic
Inflammatory vascular

51
Q

What is another term for vertebral subluxation complex?

A

Joint dysfunction

52
Q

Manipulations that _____ the joint surfaces may liberate the entrapped meniscoid?

A

Distract

53
Q

What motion would create right gapping?

A

Left lateral flexion and right rotation

54
Q

What motion would create left gapping?

A

Right lateral flexion and left rotation

55
Q

Manipulations that ____ the joint surfaces may encourage the extraped meniscoid to resented the joint cavity.

A

distract

56
Q

Giles concluded that the nerve root was anatomically vulnerable because he made measurements in what zone?

A

Interpedicular zone

57
Q

Crelin concluded that the nerve root is anatomically not vulnerable because he made measurements where?

A

At the lateral borders of the IVF

58
Q

What is an uncomplicated subluxation?

A

Subluxation with no associated pathologies

59
Q

What is a complicated subluxation?

A

A subluxation with associated joint pathologies, making the nerve root more prone to compression

Chiropractic theories (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions