VII. Copper Flashcards
Copper Density
8.96 g/cm3
Melting point of copper.
1,083 degree Celsius
Copper Hardness
2.5 to 3
Copper Minerals
• Chalcopyrite
• Bornite
• Chalcocite
• Covellite
• Malachite
• Azurite
• Chrysocolla
Porphyry Copper deposits associated with— which is common in major arcs of the Philippines.
granodioritic stocks and batholiths
Age Range of Copper Deposits
from Cretaceous to Pleistocene, mostly forming during the Middle Miocene to Pliocene
A type of copper deposit formed by submarine volcanic processes; found in some areas of the Philippines.
Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide (VMS) Deposits
Copper deposits formed from hydrothermal fluids near the Earth’s surface; present in certain Philippine locations.
Epithermal Vein Type Deposits
Less common copper deposits formed by metasomatic processes between intrusive rocks and carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks.
Skarn Type Deposits
hypogene sulfide deposits in which the ore minerals are disseminated in the form of grain impregnations and/or network of veinlets within acid to intermediate bodies and the rocks they intrude
Porphyry Copper
The deposits contain, in addition to copper,
significant amounts of ____, _____, and ______,
as well as lower-value byproducts including
______, _______ and _______.
Gold, Silver, Molybdenum; Magnetite, Pyrite, Gypsum
Strata-bound polymetallic mineral deposits related to submarine acid (felsic) volcanic activity.
Kuroko-Type Deposits
Typical Features of Kuroko-Type Deposits (Sato, 1974)
• Associated with submarine felsic volcanics
• Contain Cu, Pb, Ag, Au and abundant Ba-Ca sulfates
• Stratiform, lenticular orebodies concordant with sediments
It is the only Kuroko-type deposit successfully developed into production in the Philippines.
Bagacay Mine
T or F. Orebodies mostly occur as lenses concordant to the general orientation of the host rocks.
True
Ore Minerals in Kuroko-Type Deposits
Include pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite-tennantite, gold and silver minerals, bornite, chalcocite, covellite, and malachite.
Gangue Minerals in Kuroko-Type Deposits
Mainly quartz, clay, barite, and altered country rock fragments.
Massive base metal sulfide ores associated with mafic-ultramafic rocks of ophiolitic affinity.
Cyprus
Host Rocks of Cyprus-Type Deposits
found in spilitized basaltic pillow lavas formed from deep-water, quiet fissure eruptions on the seafloor
Orebody Shape in Cyprus-Type
Lens-shaped bodies primarily composed of pyrite and chalcopyrite.
Cyprus-Type Deposits in the Philippines
Found in the Barlo, Bongbongan, Malabog, and Port Bicobian Mines.
Ore Minerals in Cyprus-Type Deposits
Mainly fine-grained pyrite and chalcopyrite, with lesser silver and traces of gold.
Copper deposits of the vein-type in the Philippines may be classified into two types:
(1) volcanic-hosted Cu-As-Sb veins and
(2) mafic/ultramafic-hosted chalcopyrite-pyrrhotitepyrite-quartz veins
T or F. Vein material occurs mainly as fissure and breccia fillings along fractures and fault zones.
True
Vein-type copper deposits. This deposit type is typified by the currently operating Mankayan
Mine of Lepanto. Other known deposit of this type is Lobo Minein Batangas. They are related to ____ to ____ volcanics of Late Miocene to Early Pliocene age.
andesitic to dacitic
Mafic/ultramafic-hosted copper veins are developed mainly in
_____ and _____ peridotite complexes.
gabbro and serpentinite
Vein mineralogy consists of _____, _____, _____, and _____.
chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite and quartz
Where in the Philippines hosts vein-type deposit?
area within the Zambales Range
Formed by replacement of carbonate rocks (e.g., limestone, dolomite) with Ca-Fe-Mg-Mn silicates due to metamorphism and metasomatism from nearby intrusions.
Copper Skarn Deposits
T or F. Skarn Deposits are Created through regional or contact metamorphism and metasomatism when intrusives of various compositions are emplaced near carbonate-bearing rocks.
True
T or F: Cu skarns in the Philippines is common and diverse; usually found as copper-enriched zones, pods, or lenses in limestone or dolomite near intermediate to acidic intrusive rocks.
True
