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video 2 Flashcards

1
Q

radial muscle, iris

A

sympa effect: contraction (mydriasis) dilation
adrenergic receptor: a1

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2
Q

sphincter muscle, iris

A

Parasympa effect: contraction (miosis) constriction
receptor: M3, M2

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3
Q

ciliary muscle

A

Sympa Effect: relax for far vision
adrenergic receptor: b2

Para effect: contraction for near vision (accommodation)
receptor: M3, M2

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4
Q

Lacrimal glands

A

Sympa effect: mild secretion
adrenergic receptor: a

para effect: more secretion
receptor: M3, M2

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5
Q

Sinoatrial node

A

Sympa effect: increased heart rate
adrenergic receptor: b1> b2

Para effect: decreased heart rate
Receptor: M2» M3

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6
Q

Atria

A

Sympa Effect: increased contractility & conduction velocity
Adrenergic receptor: b1> b2

Para effect: decreased contractility & shortened AP duration
receptor: M2»M3

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7
Q

Atrioventricular Node

A

Sympa Effect: increased automaticity & conduction velocity (bathmotrophy & dromotrophy))
Adrenergic receptor: b1»b2

Para Effect: decreased conduction velocity & AV block
receptor: M2»M3

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8
Q

His-Purkinje system

A

Sympa Effect: increased automaticity & conduction velocity
adrenergic receptor: b1>b2

Para effect: little effect
receptor: M2»M3

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9
Q

Ventricle

A

Sympa effect: increased contractility, conduction velocity, automaticity, & rate of idioventricular pacemakers
adrenergic receptor: b1>b2

Para Effect: slight decrease in contractility
receptor: M2»M3

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10
Q

main adrenergic receptor of the heart

A

beta1

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11
Q

main cholinergic receptor of the heart

A

muscarinic 2

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12
Q

main cholinergic receptor of the eye

A

muscarinic 3

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13
Q

blood vessels

A

mostly no parasympathetic effect

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14
Q

sympathetic effect on blood vessels

A

constriction via a1 receptor

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15
Q

the only parasympathetic effect on blood vessel

A

dilation of salivary glands
M3

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16
Q

Coronary

A

sympa effect: constriction+, dilation++
adrenergic receptor: a1, a2, b2

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17
Q

Skin & Mucosa

A

sympa effect: constriction+++
adrenergic receptor: a1, a2

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18
Q

skeletal muscle

A

Sympa effect: constriction, dilation++
adrenergic receptor: a1, b2

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19
Q

cerebral

A

Sympa effect: constriction (slight)
adrenergic receptor: a1

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20
Q

pulmonary

A

Sympa effect: constriction+, dilation
adrenergic receptor: a1, b2

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21
Q

abdominal viscera

A

Sympa effect: constriction+++, dilation+
adrenergic receptor: a1, b2

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22
Q

renal

A

Sympa effect: constriction++, dilation++
adrenergic receptor: a1, a2, b1, b2

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23
Q

tracheal & bronchial smooth muscle

A

Sympa effect: relaxation
adrenergic receptor: b2

para effect: contraction
receptor: M2=M3

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24
Q

bronchial glands

A

Sympa effect: decreased secretion
adrenergic receptor: a1

para effect: stimulation
(increased secretion)
receptor: M2, M3

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25
blood vessels dilate when mediated by
receptor beta2
26
endothelium
para effect: increased Nitric Oxide (vasodilator) synthase receptor: M3 leading to vasodilation
27
stomach motility & tone
sympa effect: usually decreased adrenergic receptor: a1, a2, b1, b2 para effect: increased receptor: M3, M2 leading to motility & peristalsis
28
stomach sphincters
sympa effect: contraction usually adrenergic receptor: a1 para effect: relaxation usually receptor: M3, M2
29
stomach secretion
sympa effect: inhibition adrenergic receptor: a2 para effect: stimulation receptor: M3, M2
30
parasympathetic effect on stomach
facilitates digestion
31
intestine motility & tone
sympa effect: decrease adrenergic receptor: a1, a2, b1, b2 para effect: increase receptor: M3, M2
32
intestine sphincters
sympa effect: contraction adrenergic receptor: a2 para effect: relaxation receptor: M3, M2
33
intestine secretion
sympa effect: decrease adrenergic receptor: a2 para effect: increase receptor: M3, M2
34
gallbladder & ducts kidney
sympa effect: relaxation adrenergic receptor: b2 para effect: contraction receptor: M
35
urinary bladder detrusor
sympa effect: relaxation adrenergic receptor: b2 para effect: contraction receptor: M3>M2
36
urinary bladder trigone & sphincter
sympa effect: contraction (inhibits urination) adrenergic receptor: a1 para effect: relaxation (facilitate urination) receptor: M3>M2
37
ureter motility & tone
sympa effect: increase adrenergic receptor: a1 para effect: increase? receptor: M
38
uterus
sympa effect: pregnant contraction adrenergic receptor: a1 sympa effect: relaxation adrenergic receptor: b2 (tocolysis) para effect: variable receptor: M sympa effect: nonpregnant relaxation adrenergic receptor: B2
39
sex organ, male skin
sympa effect: ejaculation adrenergic receptor: a1 para effect: erection receptor: M3
40
intestine renin secretion
sympa effect: increase adrenergic receptor: a1 sympa effect: decrease adrenergic receptor: b1 para effect: no innervation receptor:
41
parasympathetic activation
-facilitates rest & digest -stimulates all secretions except ejaculation -sweating, digestion, salivation, mucus production
42
all preganglionic fibers are
cholinergic
43
all parasympathetic postganglionic fibers are
cholinergic
44
some sympathetic postganglionic fibers are
cholinergic sweat glands
45
most sympathetic postganglionic fibers are
adrenergic
46
all preganglionic receptors are
nicotinic
47
sympathetic preganglionic are
shorter than post ganglionic fiber
48
PRESS
PREganglionic is Shorter, Sympathetic
49
parasympathetic preganglionic is
longer than postganglionic
50
sometimes, if you have toxicity with ACh, you can still have some sympathetic effects because
all preganglionics are cholinergic
51
synapse
a region where communication occurs b/w 2 neurons or b/w a neuron & an effector cell (muscle or glandular cell)
52
presynaptic neuron
a nerve cell that carries a nerve impulse toward a synapse
53
postsynaptic cell
cell that receives a signal 1-postsynaptic cell 2-effector cell (muscle or gland)
54
synapses
axodendritic- axon to dendrites axosomatic - axon to cell body axoaxonic- axon to axon
55
electrical synapse
-action potentials (impulses) conduct directly (no neurotransmitter involved) b/w the plasma membranes of adjacent neurons through structures called Gap Junctions (contains Connexons) -common in visceral smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, developing embryo, & brain *faster communication *synchronization
56
chemical synapse
-plasma membrane of presynaptic neurons & postsynaptic cells do not touch -presynaptic neuron releases a neurotransmitter that diffuses through the synaptic cleft & binds to receptors in the postsynaptic neuron *presynaptic neuron converts an electrical signal (nerve impulse) into a chemical signal (released neurotransmitter) *postsynaptic cells receives the chemical signal & converts it to an electrical signal (postsynaptic potential) -synaptic delay of about 0.5msec
57
synaptic cleft
-separates the presynaptic neurons & postsynaptic cell -filled with interstitial fluid
58
neurotransmission
1-synthesis 2-storage 3-release 4-fate of neurotransmitter a-receptor activation b-removal of neurotransmitter 1- diffusion- out to circulation 2-reuptake- by presynaptic neuron 3-enzymatic degradation
59
Cholinergic neurotransmission Synthesis
-choline from ECF to neuron terminal via choline transporter CHT -acetyl CoA from mitochondria -acetyl CoA + choline to ACh via choline acetyltransferase
60
Cholinergic neurotransmission Storage
from cytoplasm to vesicle via Vesicle-associated transporter (VAT)
61
Cholinergic neurotransmission Release
-Ca2+ influx -fusion of vesicle & terminal membrane via SNARE proteins -Exocytosis
62
Exocytosis
a synaptic vesicle releases its contents in response to an increase in calcium
63
Cholinergic neurotransmission Receptor Activation
-nicotinic receptor (ligand-gated sodium channel) -muscarinic receptor (G protein-coupled receptor GPCR)
64
Cholinergic neurotransmission Removal
-ACh to Choline + acetate via acetylcholinesterase -choline reuptake via CHT
65
hemicholiniums
-anticholinergic -inhibits the reuptake of choline at the presynaptic terminal w/c depresses ACh synthesis
66
vesamicol
-anticholinergic -inhibits VAT -inhibits the uptake of ACh into cholinergic storage vesicles -decrease storage of ACh
67
Botulinum toxin
-anticholinergic -cleaves SNARE proteins -inhibits the release of ACh
68
SNARE proteins
-proteins that allow the fusion of vesicles & plasma membrane -2 types 1. v-SNARE - in the vesicles *synaptotagmin *Synaptobrevin 2. t-SNARE - in the target plasma membrane/cell membrane of the axon terminal *syntaxin *SNAP-25
69
synaptotagmin
binds w/ calcium that triggers the interaction of v-SNARE & t-SNARE proteins, resulting in the fusion & exocytosis
70
cholinergic receptors / cholinoceptors
-nicotinic- mostly located at the autonomic ganglia, if the neuron is a somatic neuron the receptor in that target muscle is nicotinic as well -muscarinic-
71
muscarinic M1
-nerves -7 transmembrane segments -Gq/11 protein linked IP3, DAG cascade
72
M2
-aka cardiac M2 -heart, nerves, smooth muscle -Gi/o protein linked -inhibition of cAMP production -activation of K+ channels
73
M3
-glands, smooth muscle, endothelium -Gq/11 -IP3, DAG cascade
74
M4
-CNS -Gi/o -inhibition of cAMP production
75
M5
-CNS -Gq/11 -IP3, DAG cascade
76
Nm (muscle)
-aka muscle type, plate receptor -skeletal muscle, neuromuscular junction -pentamer -Na+, K+ depolarizing ion channel
77
Nn
-aka neuronal type, ganglion receptor -pentamer -Na+, K+ depolarizing ion channel
78
cellular & tissue location of M1
-CNS: most abundant in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, & thalamus -autonomic ganglia -glands (gastric & salivary) -enteric nerves
79
functional response of M1
-increased cognitive function (learning & memory) -increased seizure (brain) activity -decrease in dopamine release & locomotion -increase in depolarization of autonomic ganglia -increase in secretions
80
disease relevance of M1
-Alzheimer disease -cognitive function -schizophrenia
81
cellular & tissue location of M2
-widely expressed in CNS, hindbrain, thalamus, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, smooth muscle, autonomic nerve terminals
82
QIQ
Q - Gq - M1 I - Gi - M2 Q - G2 - M3

Pharmacology 1 (12 decks)

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