video 1

Question 1

-nerve cells,
-possess electrical excitability- the ability to respond to a stimulus & convert it into action potential

Answer 1

neurons

Question 2

parts of a neuron

Answer 2

1- cell body (soma)
2- dendrites
3- axon

Question 3

sensory input are from

Answer 3

somatic senses & special senses going to the CNS

Question 4

from the CNS, motor output or response is carried out by

Answer 4

-somatic nervous system
-autonomic nervous system

Question 5

autonomic nervous system is composed of

Answer 5

1- sympathetic
2- parasympathetic
3- enteric

Question 6

sympathetic nervous system is composed of

Answer 6

-skeletal muscles
-voluntary
-can be controlled

Question 7

parasympathetic nervous system is composed of

Answer 7

-smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
-involuntary movement

Question 8

enteric nervous system is composed of

Answer 8

-smooth muscle & glands of the GIT
-enteric = GI

Question 9

nervous system is composed of

Answer 9

CNS & peripheral nervous system

Question 10

-brain + spinal cord
-integrative function (integration)
-source of thoughts, emotions, & memories

Answer 10

CNS

Question 11

-all nervous tissues outside the CNS
-has nerves- bundles of axons
*12 pairs of cranial nerves from the brain
*31 pairs of spinal nerves from the spinal cord
-2 divisions
*sensory (afferent) division
*motor (efferent) division

Answer 11

PNS

Question 12

-conveys input from sensory receptors to CNS
-2 divisions
*somatic senses (touch, temp & pain sensation)
*special senses (sight, hearing, smell, taste, sense of equilibrium- balance)

Answer 12

sensory Afferent division

Question 13

-conveys output from the CNS to effectors (muscle & glands)
-2 divisions:
1-somatic
2-autonomic

Answer 13

motor Efferent division

Question 14

-conveys output from the CNS to skeletal muscles
-voluntary

Answer 14

somatic nervous system

Question 15

conveys output from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands
-involuntary

Answer 15

Autonomic nervous system

Question 16

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric

Answer 16

autonomic nervous system

Question 17

fight or flight response

Answer 17

sympathetic nervous system

Question 18

rest & digest activities

Answer 18

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 19

-regulate the activity of the smooth muscle & glands of the G tract
-has innervation both from the sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 19

enteric nervous system

Question 20

sensory input comes from somatic senses & special senses

Answer 20

somatic nervous system

Question 21

sensory input comes mainly from interoceptors; some from somatic & special senses

Answer 21

ANS

Question 22

control of motor out is voluntary from cerebral cortex, with contributions from basal ganglia, cerebellum, brainstem & spinal cord

Answer 22

Somatic nervous system

Question 23

control f motor output is involuntary from hypothalamus, limbic system, branstem, & spinal cord, limited control from cerebral cortex

Answer 23

ANS

Question 24

-skeletal muscle
-controls all conscious & unconscious movements of the skeletal
-skeletal muscle contracts
-1 neuron extends from the CNS to the skeletal muscle
-neuron cell bodies are in motor nuclei of the cranial nerves & in the ventral horn of the spinal cord
-1 synapse b/w the somatic motor neuron & the skeletal muscle
-myelinated
-acetylcholine
-receptor molecules for ACh are nicotinic

Answer 24

Somatic NS

Question 25

-smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands -unconscious regulation, although influenced by conscious mental functions -target tissues are stimulated or inhibited -2 neurons in series *preganglionic neurons *postganglionic -preganglionic neuron cell bodies are in autonomic nuclei, post ganglionic neuron cell bodies are in autonomic ganglia -2 synapses, first is in the autonomic ganglia, 2nd is at the target tissue -preganglionic axons are myelinated, postganglionic axons are unmyelinated -acetylcholine = preganglionic, acetylcholine or norepinephrine = postganglionic -in autonomic ganglia, receptor molecules for ACh are nicotinic, in target tissues receptor molecules for ACh are muscarinic, whereas receptor molecules for norepinephrine are either a or b adrenergic

Answer 25

ANS

Question 26

neuron that extends from the CNS to the autonomic ganglion

Answer 26

preganglionic

Question 27

neuron that extends from autonomic ganglion to the target tissue

Answer 27

postganglionic

Question 28

between 2 neurons

Answer 28

synapse

Question 29

collection of cell bodies

Answer 29

ganglia/ganglion

Question 30

group of cell bodies found inside the CNS

Answer 30

nuclei/nucleus

Question 31

group of cell bodies outside the CNS

Answer 31

ganglion/ganglia

Question 32

urinary bladder is an example of

Answer 32

smooth muscle

Question 33

contains myelin (sheath) insulation

Answer 33

myelinated

Question 34

parasympathetic neurotransmitter

Answer 34

acetylcholine/nicotinic

Question 35

sympathetic neurotransmitter

Answer 35

norepinephrine/either a or b adrenergic

Question 36

synthesis of epinephrine & norepinephrine

Answer 36

adrenal gland/medulla

Question 37

modified autonomic ganglia

Answer 37

adrenal gland

Question 38

cell bodies in the lateral horns of the 12 thoracic & first 2 lumbar segments of the spinal column (thoracolumbar)

Answer 38

sympathetic division

Question 39

cell bodies in the nuclei of the 4 cranial nerves in the brainstem (3,7,9,10) & in the lateral gray horns of the 2nd to 4th sacral segments of the SC (craniosacral)

Answer 39

parasympathetic division

Question 40

-sympathetic trunk ganglia -prevertebral ganglia

Answer 40

sympathetic division

Question 41

-lie in a vertical row on either side of the vertebral column from the base of the skull to the coccyx -postganglionic axons innervate organs above the diaphragm

Answer 41

sympathetic trunk ganglia

Question 42

-lie anterior to the vertebral column close to large abdominal arteries -postganglionic axons innervate organs below the diaphragm

Answer 42

prevertebral ganglia

Question 43

sympathetic division & parasympathetic division

Answer 43

autonomic ganglia

Question 44

lie close to or within the wall of visceral organs

Answer 44

parasympathetic division

Question 45

supply an organ or other parts of the body with nerves

Answer 45

innervate

Question 46

may be many for each preganglionic neuron = amplification

Answer 46

sympathetic division

Question 47

few for each preganglionic neuron = no amplification

Answer 47

parasympathetic division

Question 48

short preganglionic fibers & long postganglionic fibers

Answer 48

sympathetic division

Question 49

preganglionic fibers are long & postganglionic fibers are short

Answer 49

parasympathetic division

Question 50

always cholinergic ACh

Answer 50

parasympathetic

Question 51

-fight or flight response -dominant during physical or emotional stress -exercise, emergency, excitement, embarrassment -favors body functions that can support vigorous physical activity & rapid production of ATP -reduces body functions that favor the storage of energy -effects of stimulation are longer lasting & more widespread

Answer 51

sympathetic responses

Question 52

sympathetic stimulation are longer lasting & more widespread because of:

Answer 52

-sympathetic postganglionic axons diverse more extensively (amplified) -acetylcholinesterase quickly inactivates ACh, but NE lingers in the synaptic cleft for a longer period -epinephrine & NE secreted as hormones into the blood from the adrenal medulla intensify & prolong the response

Question 53

-rest & digest response -dominant during period of rest & recovery -reduce body functions that support physical activity -support body functions that conserve & restore body energy

Answer 53

parasympathetic response