Victorian Age Critic

Question 1

Mathew Arnold’s view of literary critic

Answer 1

The purpose of literary criticism, in his view, was ‘to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas’,

Question 2

Who said , “I think it will be found that that the grand style arises in poetry when a noble nature, poetically gifted, treats with simplicity or with a severity a serious subject.”

Answer 2

Mathew Arnold

Question 3

___________ is the best model of a simple grand style, while _________ is the best model of severe grand style. ________ however, is an example of both.- according to Matthew Arnold

Answer 3

Homer, Milton, Dante

Question 4

Classical literature, according to Arnold, possess _______

Answer 4

pathos

Question 5

What are architectonics according to Mathew Arnold

Answer 5

(‘that power of execution, which creates, forms, and constitutes’)

Question 6

According to M. Arnold- Shakespeare’s excellences are-

Answer 6

Shakespeare’s excellences are 1)The architectonic quality of his style; the harmony between action and expression. 2) His reliance on the ancients for his themes. 3) Accurate construction of action. 4) His strong conception of action and accurate portrayal of his subject matter. 5) His intense feeling for the subjects he dramatises.

Question 7

According to Arnold, what are the things that can be avoided from Shakespeare

Answer 7

His attractive accessories (or tricks of style) which a young writer should handle carefully are 1) His fondness for quibble, fancy, conceit. 2) His excessive use of imagery. 3) Circumlocution, even where the press of action demands directness. 4) His lack of simplicity (according to Hallam and Guizot). 5) His allusiveness.

Question 8

Who wrote “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time (1864) “

Answer 8

Mathew Arnold

Question 9

For Arnold there is no place for _____________ in poetry

Answer 9

charlatanism

Question 10

‘touchstone method’;

Answer 10

his theory that in order to judge a poet’s work properly, a critic should compare it to passages taken from works of great masters of poetry, and that these passages should be applied as touchstones to other poetry.

Question 11

Who wrote art of fiction (1884)

Answer 11

Henry James

Question 12

James’ central claim is that the novelist and the novel must be _________.

Answer 12

free

Question 13

WHat is metonymic for Henry James

Answer 13

correspondence: the novel has a “large, free character of an immense and exquisite correspondence with life”

Question 14

GM Hopkins gave which two words

Answer 14

Instress and Inscape

Question 15

Inscape means

Answer 15

means the particular features of a certain landscape or other natural structure, which make it different from any other. The theological belief behind this was that God never repeats himself. Hopkins, as a poet-artist, had to determine just what was especial about any scene

Question 16

Instress means

Answer 16

‘Instress’ means the actual experience a reader has of inscape: how it is received into the sight, memory and imagination.

Question 17

Wordsworth called his stay in the lake district as

Answer 17

spots of time

Question 18

Duns Scotus put great emphasis on the freedom of the will. who is he associated with?

Answer 18

GM Hopkins

Question 19

WHat is haecceitas?

Answer 19

haecceitas, or ‘thisness’. Haecceitas inhered in every created thing, inanimate, animal or human. It was the mark of its Creation by God, and it was active.

Question 20

Ancient Greek art represents one of the high points in the history of European culture.- who believed

Answer 20

F. Nietzche

Question 21

, Nietzsche’s first book

Answer 21

, The Birth of Tragedy (1872)

Question 22

Nietzsche gave 2 aesthetical quality

Answer 22

the Apollonian and the Dionysian. The Apollonian represents a formalised aesthetic of constraint, a channel or structure wherein artistic expression is rendered possible (the ‘principle of individuation’). It is linked to the plastic art of sculpture. The Dionysian, in contrast linked to music and dance, represents violent and chaotic forces of becoming that embody a loss of the sense of self that characterises the Apollonian.

Question 23

Untimely Meditations Written by

Answer 23

F. Nietzche

Question 24

Human, All-Too-Human written by

Answer 24

F. Nietzsche

Question 25

Beyond Good and Evil (1886) written by

Answer 25

F. Nietzsche

Question 26

the need for the ‘overman’ as the supreme goal of human existence-

Answer 26

Zaruthra, Nietzsche

Question 27

Moral systems can, in Nietzsche’s view, be divided into two distinct and contending camps: _______________

Answer 27

noble morality’ and ‘slave morality’.

Question 28

Noble morality

Answer 28

Noble morality is an expression of the standpoint of aristocratic classes. It embodies the perspective of dominion and power and is affirmative in character in that it is rooted in the perspective of a dominant social grouping (that of nobles) which first affirms itself as ‘good’ and only then characterises those of a lower station as ‘bad’. This Nietzsche terms the ‘good-bad’ ethical system of evaluation.

Question 29

Slave Morality

Answer 29

Slave morality, in contrast, is produced by those who encounter and evaluate the world from the perspective of the victim. The slave’s identity is constituted in the wake of their being a victim of power, helpless in the face of dominant social forces, and therefore incapable of taking any practical steps to rectify their victim status.

Question 30

According to Nietzsche, ___________(with its roots located in the slave ethos of Judaism) is the prime example of slave morality, whereas the culture of _____________exemplifies noble morality.

Answer 30

Christian culture , Ancient Rome

Question 31

George Eliot’s real name

Answer 31

Mary Ann Evans

Question 32

George Eliot’s 4 principle’s of realism

Answer 32

1. Reality based in real life.
2. experience is complex and must not be reduced to expression in preconceived categories
3. we should accept people in their actual, imperfect, state, rather than holding them up to impossible ideals
4. “see beauty in these commonplace things