Victorian Age Critic Flashcards
Mathew Arnold’s view of literary critic
The purpose of literary criticism, in his view, was ‘to know the best that is known and thought in the world, and by in its turn making this known, to create a current of true and fresh ideas’,
Who said , “I think it will be found that that the grand style arises in poetry when a noble nature, poetically gifted, treats with simplicity or with a severity a serious subject.”
Mathew Arnold
___________ is the best model of a simple grand style, while _________ is the best model of severe grand style. ________ however, is an example of both.- according to Matthew Arnold
Homer, Milton, Dante
Classical literature, according to Arnold, possess _______
pathos
What are architectonics according to Mathew Arnold
(‘that power of execution, which creates, forms, and constitutes’)
According to M. Arnold- Shakespeare’s excellences are-
Shakespeare’s excellences are 1)The architectonic quality of his style; the harmony between action and expression. 2) His reliance on the ancients for his themes. 3) Accurate construction of action. 4) His strong conception of action and accurate portrayal of his subject matter. 5) His intense feeling for the subjects he dramatises.
According to Arnold, what are the things that can be avoided from Shakespeare
His attractive accessories (or tricks of style) which a young writer should handle carefully are 1) His fondness for quibble, fancy, conceit. 2) His excessive use of imagery. 3) Circumlocution, even where the press of action demands directness. 4) His lack of simplicity (according to Hallam and Guizot). 5) His allusiveness.
Who wrote “The Function of Criticism at the Present Time (1864) “
Mathew Arnold
For Arnold there is no place for _____________ in poetry
charlatanism
‘touchstone method’;
his theory that in order to judge a poet’s work properly, a critic should compare it to passages taken from works of great masters of poetry, and that these passages should be applied as touchstones to other poetry.
Who wrote art of fiction (1884)
Henry James
James’ central claim is that the novelist and the novel must be _________.
free
WHat is metonymic for Henry James
correspondence: the novel has a “large, free character of an immense and exquisite correspondence with life”
GM Hopkins gave which two words
Instress and Inscape
Inscape means
means the particular features of a certain landscape or other natural structure, which make it different from any other. The theological belief behind this was that God never repeats himself. Hopkins, as a poet-artist, had to determine just what was especial about any scene
Instress means
‘Instress’ means the actual experience a reader has of inscape: how it is received into the sight, memory and imagination.
Wordsworth called his stay in the lake district as
spots of time
Duns Scotus put great emphasis on the freedom of the will. who is he associated with?
GM Hopkins
WHat is haecceitas?
haecceitas, or ‘thisness’. Haecceitas inhered in every created thing, inanimate, animal or human. It was the mark of its Creation by God, and it was active.
Ancient Greek art represents one of the high points in the history of European culture.- who believed
F. Nietzche
, Nietzsche’s first book
, The Birth of Tragedy (1872)
Nietzsche gave 2 aesthetical quality
the Apollonian and the Dionysian. The Apollonian represents a formalised aesthetic of constraint, a channel or structure wherein artistic expression is rendered possible (the ‘principle of individuation’). It is linked to the plastic art of sculpture. The Dionysian, in contrast linked to music and dance, represents violent and chaotic forces of becoming that embody a loss of the sense of self that characterises the Apollonian.
Untimely Meditations Written by
F. Nietzche
Human, All-Too-Human written by
F. Nietzsche
Beyond Good and Evil (1886) written by
F. Nietzsche
the need for the ‘overman’ as the supreme goal of human existence-
Zaruthra, Nietzsche
Moral systems can, in Nietzsche’s view, be divided into two distinct and contending camps: _______________
noble morality’ and ‘slave morality’.
Noble morality
Noble morality is an expression of the standpoint of aristocratic classes. It embodies the perspective of dominion and power and is affirmative in character in that it is rooted in the perspective of a dominant social grouping (that of nobles) which first affirms itself as ‘good’ and only then characterises those of a lower station as ‘bad’. This Nietzsche terms the ‘good-bad’ ethical system of evaluation.
Slave Morality
Slave morality, in contrast, is produced by those who encounter and evaluate the world from the perspective of the victim. The slave’s identity is constituted in the wake of their being a victim of power, helpless in the face of dominant social forces, and therefore incapable of taking any practical steps to rectify their victim status.
According to Nietzsche, ___________(with its roots located in the slave ethos of Judaism) is the prime example of slave morality, whereas the culture of _____________exemplifies noble morality.
Christian culture , Ancient Rome
George Eliot’s real name
Mary Ann Evans
George Eliot’s 4 principle’s of realism
- Reality based in real life.
- experience is complex and must not be reduced to expression in preconceived categories
- we should accept people in their actual, imperfect, state, rather than holding them up to impossible ideals
- “see beauty in these commonplace things
