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CJ 490 > Victimology Exam 2 > Flashcards

Victimology Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is homicide?

A

the killing of one human being by another
key provision is that it is the willful and negligent killing of the individual

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2
Q

what is excusable homicide?

A

no guilt
accidental or unintentional killing
e.g.: boxing/MMA death, someone is accidentally shot and killed on a gun range

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3
Q

what is justifiable homicide?

A

judged to be acceptable because it occurs in defense of a life or property
limited to the killing of a perpetrator by a law enforcement officer in the line of duty or a good samaritan

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4
Q

what are the two controversies that exist surrounding justifiable homicides?

A

stand-your-ground laws: formally mandated laws stating that individuals are not required to retreat from their location prior to using force, particularly deadly force, in self-defense
castle doctrine: states how there is no duty to retreat in your home prior to using force in self-defense (includes personal property and yard)

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5
Q

what is criminal homicide?

A

the purposeful, knowing, reckless, or negligent killing of one human being by another. the result is death due to injuries pursuant to a fight, quarrel, argument, or commission of a crime

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6
Q

what is the job of a coroner?

A

locally elected officials with death investigation duties. commonly found in smaller towns and communities. specialize in legal paperwork and the law enforcement side of the investigation. can be anyone who is eligible to run for office and wins that election

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7
Q

what is the job of a forensic pathologist?

A

study diseases, its causes and diagnosis, and handle autopsies for coroners in rural areas. examine the body and determine a cause of death. are also physicians

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8
Q

what is the job of a medical examiner?

A

licensed physicians who are responsible for overseeing the death investigation and the duties of the forensic pathologists. will sometimes also perform autopsies

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9
Q

what are the two key parts to a medicolegal death investigation?

A

personal identification of the decedent (deceased person)
determination of the cause of death

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10
Q

what are the 2 “letter” incisions that can be used in an autopsy?

A

y-shaped incision
t-shaped incision

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11
Q

what is n.a.s.h.?

A

n = natural
a = accidental
s = suicidal
h = homicidal

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12
Q

what is algor mortis?

A

the cooling of the body when someone dies

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13
Q

what is livor mortis?

A

the discoloration of the body which occurs from the settling of red blood cells after the blood stops circulating

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14
Q

what is rigor mortis?

A

the stiffening of the muscles that occurs following the death of a person

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15
Q

what are the degrees of murder?

A

first-degree: pre-meditation, intent, deliberation
felony: killing someone during the commission of another felony
second-degree: lacks premeditation. intent to cause harm but not death
manslaughter: voluntary / nonnegligent, involuntary / negligent
deliberate indifference: when a person is held criminally liable for the death of another person even if he/she did not intend to injure another person

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16
Q

what is sharp force trauma?

A

injuries received from sharp objects including knives, axes, and swords

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17
Q

what is blunt force trauma?

A

usually caused by hard objects; however, the most common type is a firearm injury. other types can occur from falls or fist fights
can produce lacerations

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18
Q

what was attorney christ stewart quoted saying in lecture?

A

“police, law enforcement can take your freedom, take your property, and take your life…”

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19
Q

what do 70% of all murders involve?

A

a firearm

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20
Q

what is the key to differentiate between a homicide and a suicide?

A

trajectory of the bullet and stippling (little black dots left on skin by gun powder)

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21
Q

what does it mean that alabama is a permitless carry state?

A

gun owners in alabama do not need a permit to carry a firearm

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22
Q

what was said in class about carrying firearms on campus?

A

gun owners in alabama are still required to have a permit to have their weapon on school property or within 1,000 feet of campus
university students may not possess firearms at any time on campus (except as expressly authorized by the university of alabama police department (”UAPD”)). UAPD provides temporary storage for firearms lawfully possessed by students at its headquarters

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23
Q

what is the role of alcohol when it comes to sexual victimization?

A

it diminishes a potential victims ability to stay alert and be aware of any potential advances

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24
Q

what are the tactics that sexual perpetrators will use?

A

videotaping, spying (peeping tom), touching, forced penetration, words

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25
what is rape and what are the origins of the word?
defined as unlawful carnal knowledge (penetration) of a woman by a man who is not the perpetrator's wife and against her will contemporary status: gender neutral and include various acts of sexual penetration origin: latin word rapero (to take by force)
26
why is sex trafficking so prominent in atlanta?
high tourism / attractions numerous interstate connections dense populations music industry atlanta = the hollywood of the south hartsfield - jackson airport highest exotic dance clubs per capita
27
what is statutory rape?
defined as sexual relations between an underage minor female and an adult male. or vice versa children cannot consent
28
what is sex in authority positions?
defined as a teacher, supervisor, boss, or superior that attempts to use their position of power to coerce, threaten, intimidate, or force sexual advances against the subordinate commonly seen as quid pro quo treatment
29
what is the age of consent in alabama?
16 years old
30
what is the creepiness rule?
the youngest person you should date is half your age +7
31
what is the ick factor?
if a 16 year old is dating a 40 year old, high probability of law enforcement getting involved
32
why is rape on campus important?
college lifestyle is one of the most dangerous lifestyles college women are under attack video: tuscaloosa man arrested for attacking a woman in broad daylight on campus, touching her criminally
33
what is the title of federal funding that gets involved in sexual assault?
title IX
34
what is a commercial sex act?
an act that is induced by force, fraud, or coercion victim has no ability to leave and must commit to these acts or face consequences another instance is when a child is under 18 any child engaged in prostitution is a trafficking victim IAHTI = international association of human trafficking investigations
35
what is domestic servitude (labor) trafficking?
recruitment, harboring, transportation, provisions or obtaining of a person for labor or services by means of force, fraud, or coercion amounts to modern day slavery
36
what is the purpose of sex offender registries?
show an offender's age, gender, address, charges, and any identifying marks/features
37
what is megan's law?
requires federal sex offenders to register a current address with CJ agencies, most notably, the sheriff's office
38
what was SANE?
sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) program
39
what was the argument that brock turner's lawyers made?
argued that his clothes were on and that sexual assault was then not committed
40
what does SHARP mean?
sexual harassment assault and rape prevention
41
what is intimate partner violence?
the intentional physical harm of another person that occurs between these people and includes physical violence
42
what must exist between the parties involved in IPV?
intimate partner knowledge through dating, marriage, etc.
43
what are the 4 types of IPV?
intimate terrorism situational couple violence violent resistance mutual violent control
44
what is intimate terrorism?
rooted in the need for power and control, of which the abuse is but one element. includes severe, persistent, and frequent abuse that escalates over time, also causes one party to live in fear
45
what is situational couple violence?
when conflict gets out of hand in any given situation and results in violence between the couple ex: basic disagreement that turned violent
46
what is violent resistance?
occurs when the persons partner is the violent and controlling one in the relationship resistance comes from the other party who is trying to avoid having conflict in the relationship
47
what is mutual violent control?
both people are violent and controlling ex: johnny depp and amber heard
48
what was the supreme court case that legalized same-sex marriage?
obergefell v. hodges
49
what were the outcomes of the minneapolis domestic violence experiment?
examines the deterrent effect of arrest on domestic violence perpetrators 3 important outcomes: arrest the person separate the parties for 8 hours advise the couple using discretion which may have included no action those who were arrested were less. likely to commit additional domestic violence mandatory arrest policies
50
what are the stages of the cycle of violence?
tensions building phase (step one) acute battery phase (step two) honeymoon phase (step three)
51
what is the tension building phase?
abuser and victim interaction in a close relationship that likely involves positive and charming behavior on behalf of the abuser
52
what is the acute battery phase?
the abuser will engage in major and often serious physically assaultive behavior
53
what is the honeymoon phase?
final stage in which they ask for forgiveness and reconciliation many promises are made until the cycle starts over
54
what is battered women syndrome?
a psychological aggression defined as the set of symptoms, injuries, and signs of mistreatment seen in a woman who has been repeatedly abused by a spouse, partner, or relative
55
what was the situation with lorena bobbitt?
cut her husband's penis off put the penis in a hot dog container husband was found not guilty of marital sexual assault lorena was found not guilty of malicious wounding by reason of insanity
56
what are the two primary forms of child maltreatment?
abuse: actions against neglect: not being done not being not
57
what is the physical abuse of a child?
must be distinguished from punishment includes hitting, punching, burning, slapping, cutting, etc. when physical discipline is not used to teach a child a lesson (from right to wrong), but instead is used out of anger and to make the child live in fear
58
what is the emotional abuse of a child?
may not carry physical marks, but can also be quite harmful for children emotional abuse includes name-calling, yelling, threatening, or bullying, belittling, shaming, and humiliating a child is a major form of emotional abuse
59
what is the sexual abuse of a child?
can be active and involves physical touching or non-physical contact exposing children to sexual content or pornography can be sexually abusive children viewing sexual imagery is disturbing and qualifies as child sexual abuse
60
what does the dark figure of crime mean when it comes to child maltreatment?
estimates of child maltreatment are low because child abuse and neglect are likely to go undetected and unreported to child protective services and or law enforcement
61
which agencies would you call in which state for child mistreatment?
alabama: department of human resources georgia: division of family & children services florida: department of children and families
62
who are mandatory reporters?
technically teachers, counselors, doctors, etc. reality: everyone!
63
what are "safe places"?
a place where custodial parents in crisis can relinquish babies anonymously to designated places like police stations, fire departments, and other locations
64
what is a GAL?
guardian ad litem an affiliate with the court who aids children, represent the child's best interest in court, particularly in dependency cases or custody matters
65
what is elder maltreatment?
the maltreament of a person over the age of 60
66
where does elder maltreatment occur?
care institutions
67
who commits elder maltreatment?
primarily workers in the home health aide field majority are female adult child under the age of 60, 25% between 40 and 49
68
what are the most common forms of elder maltreatment?
physical abuse emotional / psychological abuse sexual abuse neglect abandonment financial exploitation misuse of conservatorship, guardianship, and power of attorney self neglect (hoarding or living in squalor)
69
why are elders in florida and arizona most at risk for scams and fraud?
they are major retirement hot spots
70
what agencies help to handle elder abuse?
alabama: department of senior services georgia: division of aging services

CJ 490 (2 decks)

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