Victimology Exam 1 Flashcards
what is the term “victimology”?
the scientific study of crime victims / the study of the etiology or causes of victimization, its consequences, how the criminal justice system accommodates and assists victims, and how other elements in society, such as the media, deal with crime victims
is victimology a science?
yes
what are the 3 R’s from the pre-victim’s rights movement?
retaliation
retribution
restitution
what is victim precipitation?
the extent to which a victim is directly responsible for his or her own victimization
what is victim facilitation?
when a victim unintentionally makes it easier to be victimized by an offender
what is victim provocation?
when a person does something that incites another person to commit an illegal act
why was benjamin mendelsohn important?
known as the “father of victimology” who coined the term “victimology” in the 1940s
created a classification system for victims
what was mendelsohn’s classification system?
- completely innocent victim
- victim with minor guilt
- victim as guilty as offender /voluntary victim
- victim more guilty than offender
- most guilty victim
- simulating/imaginary victim
what type of victim was carlee russell?
simulating/imaginary victim
what were the early pillars of the victims’ rights movement?
the civil rights movement and the women’s movement
what is the uniform crime report (UCR)?
a large database compiled by the federal bureau of investigation of crimes reported and arrests made each year throughout the united states
what is the national incident based reporting system (NIBRS)?
a program that requires local police agencies to provide a brief account of each incident and arrest involving 49 specific offenses including incident, victim, and offender information
what is the national crime victimization survey (NCVS)?
a comprehensive, nationwide survey of victimization in the united states conducted annually by the u.s. census bureau of justice statistics
what are the three notable lifestyles professor fields mentioned?
- high-risk lifestyle
- college lifestyle
- criminal lifestyle
what are the 3 “P’s” that criminals especially young delinquents don’t want to see?
parents, police, paramedics
what is deviant place theory?
an individual is more likely to become a victim of a crime when exposed to dangerous areas
what is broken windows theory?
visible signs of crime, anti-social behavior, and civil disorder create an urban environment that further encourages and promotes the disorder
what is the difference between deviant place and broken windows theory?
deviant place theory is reliant on a person putting themselves in area where crime may be higher while broken windows theory relies on the persistence of a specific environment to contribute to crime
what is gentrification?
the process of changing the character of a neighborhood through the influx of more affluent residents and businesses
what does social learning theory argue?
people learn techniques and attitudes of crime from relationships with criminal peers
what does differential association theory argue?
people commit crime when their social learning leads them to perceive more definitions favoring crime than favoring conventional behavior
what six elements exist within low self-control under the social process factors?
- an inability to delay gratification
- risk taker who engages in thrill-seeking behavior without the thought of consequences
- shortsighted, without any clear long-term goals
- preference for physical activity
- low frustration tolerance which can make a person quick to anger
- insensitivity and self-centeredness
what are the two key social bonds that aid people in moving on from a life of delinquency and crime?
marriage and employment
does alcohol play a role in victimization?
yes because it reduces a person’s inhibition and impedes on their ability to recognize or respond effectively to dangerous situations
