Victimisation Flashcards
What is victimology?
The study of crime victims and what makes some more susceptible to victimisation than others
What is positive victimology?
Factors that produce patterns in victimisation, contribution of the victim and victim proness.
The characteristics that make a victim more likely to be victimised
What is the aim of positive victimology?
To provide an answer by changing the way we look at victims
What are the factors of victimology?
(what makes them good victims)
Social class- people from deprived areas are more likely to be victims of violent crimes.
Age- younger people are more likely to be at risk than older people.
Ethnicity- minority ethnics groups are at more risk than white.
Gender- males are more at risk of violent crimes. about 70% of homicide victims are male. women are more at risk of DV, sexual violence, people trafficking and rape. trans people are at risk of hate crime.
What did Marvin.E.Wolfgang believe?
In 1958 he believed that to some degree victims are responsible for their own victimisation
What did Menachem Amir believe?
In 1971 he did a study of rape and reported that 19% of all forcible rapes were victim precipitated by factors such as use of alcohol, seductive actions and clothes (asking for it?)
What is victim proness?
The idea of victim proness is seeking to identify the social and psychological characteristics of victims that make them different from and more vulnerable.
What are the impacts of victimisation?
May feel like they’ve lost control of their lives.
Things may spiral downwards and they may blame themselves.
May develop physical symptoms linked to stress and long term anxiety.
The way an individual responds to a crime depends on factors such as type of crime. whether they know the victim and the support they get.
What are the direct impacts of crime?
Psychological and social injuries
Intense feelings of anger, fear, isolation, low self esteem, helplessness and depression.
What is secondary victimisation?
Occurs when the victim suffers further harm.
Can be caused by repeated exposure to perpetrator, repeated interrogation.
What is indirect impact of crime?
When relatives or partners may experience the same symptoms as the victims due to feeling their feelings.
What is fear of crime?
Austin et al (2002) says in extreme cases impinges on the quality of life causes paranoia, anxiety and other psychological issues.
