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Micro > Vibrio Campylobacter Helicobacter > Flashcards

Vibrio Campylobacter Helicobacter Flashcards

1
Q

Vibrio habitat

A

Widespread in nature

Mainly in water

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2
Q

Shape of vibrio

A

Short, curved Gram-negative bacilli

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3
Q

Is vibrio motile or not?

A

Motile

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4
Q

Is vibrio oxidase positive or negative?

A

Positive

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5
Q

Vibrio is classified according to what?

A

Halophilic vs nonhalophilic

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6
Q

Nonhalophilic vibrio

A

V.cholerae

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7
Q

Halophilic vibrio

A

V.parahemolyticus

V.vulnificus

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8
Q

V.cholerae habitat

A

water contaminated with feces of patients or carriers

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9
Q

V.cholerae epi

A

Pandemics and epidemics ( India and Bangladish, East Asia, Africa)

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10
Q

V. Cholerae Morphology and staining

A

• Gram-negative slender bacilli (comma shaped) • Motile, non-capsulated

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11
Q

Is v. Cholerae aerobic or anaerobic?

A

Aerobic

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12
Q

What media does v.cholerae grow on?

A

• Enrichment media: alkaline peptone water
• Selective media: TCBS media (thiosulphate citrate bile sucrose agar)
observe yellow colonies ( sucrose fermenting colonies)

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13
Q

What bacteria has the O1 antigen?

A

V.choleraeO1

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14
Q

What bacteria causes diarrheal illness and vomiting?

A

V.cholerae

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15
Q

What causes watery rice stool ?

A

V.cholerae

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16
Q

What can cause death in 12-24 hours as a result of hypovolemic shock from dehydration?

A

V.cholerae

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17
Q

Where does V.cholerae multiply and what is the MOT?

A

Enters via ingested food

Multiplies in SI

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18
Q

Pathogenicity of V.cholerae

A

Causes irreversible activation of cAMP
Blocks the uptake of water which accompanies Na+ and Cl- absorption
Passive movement of water leading to serious loss of water

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19
Q

What causes mild sometimes bloody diarrhea ?

A

V.Cholerae non-01

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20
Q

What’s accompanied by abdominal cramps?

A

V.Cholerae non-01

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21
Q

What causes acute gastroenteritis ( food poisoning)?

A

V.parahemolyticus

22
Q

What causes explosive diarrhea and is self limiting?

A

V.parahemolyticus

23
Q

What causes abdominal pain nausea and vomiting ?

A

V.parahemolyticus

24
Q

What’s related to ingestion of sea food?

A

V.parahemolyticus

25
Q

How do we diagnosis V.parahemolyticus?

A
  • Non- sucrose fermenter on TCBS

* ( Green colonies)

26
Q

What’s associated with warm water environment?

A

V. vulnificus

27
Q

What are the 3 main clinical syndromes associated with V. vulnificus?

A

Rapid onset fulminating septicemia followed by cutaneous lesions(
shell fish)

Rapid onset cellulitis

Acute diarrhoea following consumption of shell fish

28
Q

Pathogenesis of V. vulnificus

A

Virulence associated with polysaccharide capsule

29
Q

Campylobacter strains

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli

30
Q

C.Jejuni and C.coli characteristics

A

Small spiral Gram-negative bacilli Motile
No spores
Oxidase positive

31
Q

C.Jejuni and C.coli are acquired by ?

A

Ingestion ( food)

32
Q

What is the most common cause of infective diarrhea in developed countries?

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli

33
Q

What bacterias’ main source is raw meat and poultry?

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli

34
Q

True or false. C.Jejuni and C.coli multiply in food.

A

False . They don’t. (Salmonella multiplies in food)

35
Q

Infection with what bacteria involves both small and large intestine?

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

36
Q

What causes invasive disease?

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

37
Q

What causes severe abdominal pain + diarrhea that MAY be bloody + fever?

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

38
Q

What bacteria cause HUS and reactive arthritis as a complication?

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

39
Q

What bacteria causes toxic mégacôlon and GI hemorrhage as a complication?

A

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

40
Q

Dx of C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

A

Stool culture:
• Selective media: Charcoal-based media containing
antibiotics
• Microaerophilic environment for growth • Temperature 42-430C

41
Q

What does C.jejuni require in addition for Dx?

A

Hydrolyse hippurate • 90-95% of infections

42
Q

Helicobacter pylori

Description

A

Gram-negative spirally-shaped

Microaerophilic

Man appears to be the only reservoir

Oral-oral or fecal-oral rout for transmission

43
Q

What lives only in gastric mucosa?

A

Helicobacter pylori

44
Q

What causes superficial gastritis/ type B chronic active gastritis?

A

Helicobacter pylori

45
Q

What lasts for 2 weeks and shows symptoms of abdominal pain and nausea?

A

Helicobacter pylori

46
Q

In patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. What do the minority develop?

A

Peptic ulcer

47
Q

Long standing infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with what?

A

Gastric cancer

48
Q

Helicobacter pylori

Laboratory diagnosis

A

Invasive tests:
Sample of gastric mucosa Microscopy
Culture
Biopsy urease test: small portion of the biopsy put in small quantity of
urease solution (indicator, amonia production and change in PH)
Non-invasive tests: Serology: ELISA Urea breath:

49
Q

Elimination of infection allows healing without recurrence. What are we referring to here?

A

H.pylori and peptic ulcer

50
Q

Peptic Ulceration

Pathogenic mechanism:

A

The production of amonia by urease which causes ionic changes in
the mucus layer
Production of toxins as lipopolysaccharide that activate inflammatory cells
Stimulation of an auto-immune response by production of antigens that cross-react with antral gastric antigens
The degradation of mucus by a protease

Micro (4 decks)

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