Vibrio Campylobacter Helicobacter

Question 1

Vibrio habitat

Answer 1

Widespread in nature

Mainly in water

Question 2

Shape of vibrio

Answer 2

Short, curved Gram-negative bacilli

Question 3

Is vibrio motile or not?

Answer 3

Motile

Question 4

Is vibrio oxidase positive or negative?

Answer 4

Positive

Question 5

Vibrio is classified according to what?

Answer 5

Halophilic vs nonhalophilic

Question 6

Nonhalophilic vibrio

Answer 6

V.cholerae

Question 7

Halophilic vibrio

Answer 7

V.parahemolyticus

V.vulnificus

Question 8

V.cholerae habitat

Answer 8

water contaminated with feces of patients or carriers

Question 9

V.cholerae epi

Answer 9

Pandemics and epidemics ( India and Bangladish, East Asia, Africa)

Question 10

V. Cholerae Morphology and staining

Answer 10

• Gram-negative slender bacilli (comma shaped) • Motile, non-capsulated

Question 11

Is v. Cholerae aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 11

Aerobic

Question 12

What media does v.cholerae grow on?

Answer 12

• Enrichment media: alkaline peptone water
• Selective media: TCBS media (thiosulphate citrate bile sucrose agar)
observe yellow colonies ( sucrose fermenting colonies)

Question 13

What bacteria has the O1 antigen?

Answer 13

V.choleraeO1

Question 14

What bacteria causes diarrheal illness and vomiting?

Answer 14

V.cholerae

Question 15

What causes watery rice stool ?

Answer 15

V.cholerae

Question 16

What can cause death in 12-24 hours as a result of hypovolemic shock from dehydration?

Answer 16

V.cholerae

Question 17

Where does V.cholerae multiply and what is the MOT?

Answer 17

Enters via ingested food

Multiplies in SI

Question 18

Pathogenicity of V.cholerae

Answer 18

Causes irreversible activation of cAMP
Blocks the uptake of water which accompanies Na+ and Cl- absorption
Passive movement of water leading to serious loss of water

Question 19

What causes mild sometimes bloody diarrhea ?

Answer 19

V.Cholerae non-01

Question 20

What’s accompanied by abdominal cramps?

Answer 20

V.Cholerae non-01

Question 21

What causes acute gastroenteritis ( food poisoning)?

Answer 21

V.parahemolyticus

Question 22

What causes explosive diarrhea and is self limiting?

Answer 22

V.parahemolyticus

Question 23

What causes abdominal pain nausea and vomiting ?

Answer 23

V.parahemolyticus

Question 24

What’s related to ingestion of sea food?

Answer 24

V.parahemolyticus

Question 25

How do we diagnosis V.parahemolyticus?

Answer 25

* Non- sucrose fermenter on TCBS | * ( Green colonies)

Question 26

What’s associated with warm water environment?

Answer 26

V. vulnificus

Question 27

What are the 3 main clinical syndromes associated with V. vulnificus?

Answer 27

Rapid onset fulminating septicemia followed by cutaneous lesions( shell fish) Rapid onset cellulitis Acute diarrhoea following consumption of shell fish

Question 28

Pathogenesis of V. vulnificus

Answer 28

Virulence associated with polysaccharide capsule

Question 29

Campylobacter strains

Answer 29

C.Jejuni and C.coli

Question 30

C.Jejuni and C.coli characteristics

Answer 30

Small spiral Gram-negative bacilli Motile No spores Oxidase positive

Question 31

C.Jejuni and C.coli are acquired by ?

Answer 31

Ingestion ( food)

Question 32

What is the most common cause of infective diarrhea in developed countries?

Answer 32

C.Jejuni and C.coli

Question 33

What bacterias’ main source is raw meat and poultry?

Answer 33

C.Jejuni and C.coli

Question 34

True or false. C.Jejuni and C.coli multiply in food.

Answer 34

False . They don’t. (Salmonella multiplies in food)

Question 35

Infection with what bacteria involves both small and large intestine?

Answer 35

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

Question 36

What causes invasive disease?

Answer 36

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

Question 37

What causes severe abdominal pain + diarrhea that MAY be bloody + fever?

Answer 37

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

Question 38

What bacteria cause HUS and reactive arthritis as a complication?

Answer 38

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

Question 39

What bacteria causes toxic mégacôlon and GI hemorrhage as a complication?

Answer 39

C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

Question 40

Dx of C.Jejuni and C.coli ( campylobacter)

Answer 40

Stool culture: • Selective media: Charcoal-based media containing antibiotics • Microaerophilic environment for growth • Temperature 42-430C

Question 41

What does C.jejuni require in addition for Dx?

Answer 41

Hydrolyse hippurate • 90-95% of infections

Question 42

Helicobacter pylori | Description

Answer 42

Gram-negative spirally-shaped Microaerophilic Man appears to be the only reservoir Oral-oral or fecal-oral rout for transmission

Question 43

What lives only in gastric mucosa?

Answer 43

Helicobacter pylori

Question 44

What causes superficial gastritis/ type B chronic active gastritis?

Answer 44

Helicobacter pylori

Question 45

What lasts for 2 weeks and shows symptoms of abdominal pain and nausea?

Answer 45

Helicobacter pylori

Question 46

In patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. What do the minority develop?

Answer 46

Peptic ulcer

Question 47

Long standing infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with what?

Answer 47

Gastric cancer

Question 48

Helicobacter pylori | Laboratory diagnosis

Answer 48

Invasive tests: Sample of gastric mucosa Microscopy Culture Biopsy urease test: small portion of the biopsy put in small quantity of urease solution (indicator, amonia production and change in PH) Non-invasive tests: Serology: ELISA Urea breath:

Question 49

Elimination of infection allows healing without recurrence. What are we referring to here?

Answer 49

H.pylori and peptic ulcer

Question 50

Peptic Ulceration | Pathogenic mechanism:

Answer 50

The production of amonia by urease which causes ionic changes in the mucus layer Production of toxins as lipopolysaccharide that activate inflammatory cells Stimulation of an auto-immune response by production of antigens that cross-react with antral gastric antigens The degradation of mucus by a protease