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Fungi Flashcards

1
Q

What does the word Mykos refer to?

A

Fungus

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2
Q

What does the word mycoses refer to?

A

A disease caused by a fungus

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3
Q

What is mycology?

A

Study of fungi

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4
Q

Fungi are …

A

heterotrophs

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5
Q

Fungi can exist as

A

single cells or chains of cells together.

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6
Q

Most fungi live in soil or decaying vegetable matter and

A

known as saprotrophs (saprophytes)

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7
Q

The vegetative body of a fungus is called ____ and network of branching
hyphae/filaments is known as ______.

A

thallus

mycelium

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8
Q

Fungi can also exist as what?

A

yeasts

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9
Q

True or false. Fungi reproduce only sexually.

A

Reproduce sexually and asexually

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10
Q

What are Some beneficial activities of fungi?

A 
Food-direct consumption
Food production
Alcoholic drinks
Tobacco and Rubber
Decomposition and waste disposal
Medicinal products
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11
Q

What are some harmful activities of fungi?

A

Attack all materials, especially wood

Spoilage of stored food, produce mycotoxins

Destroy crops

Spontaneous combustion of stacked vegetable matter

Attack human and animals

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12
Q

What is part of Z y g o m y c e t e s?

A

Mucor

Rhizopus

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13
Q

What is a part of Basidiomycetes?

A

Cryptococcus Malassezia

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14
Q

A s c o m y c e t e s pt 1

A

Histoplasma Blastomyces Aspergillus Trichophyton

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15
Q

A s c o m y c e t e s pt 2

A

Epidermophyton Microsporum Sporothrix

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16
Q

Deuteromycetes (fungi imperfecti)

A

Candida Trichosporon

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17
Q

Fungal cell can be ..

A

Hyphal cell or budding yeast

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18
Q

Mould form

A

Is a vegetative growth of fungal filament known as hypha (Pl. Hyphae)

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19
Q

Mass of hyphae is known as ________.

20
Q

In mould form fungi may be …

A

Fungi may be hyaline or coloured (dematiaceous), multicellular.

21
Q

Unicellular or Yeast form

A

Single-celled fungus that reproduce by budding to form blastoconidia, Colonies are moist or mucoid.

22
Q

Examples of unicellular / yeast

A

Candida, Cryptococcus.

23
Q

Characteristic of yeast colony

A

Pasty/creamy colony

24
Q

Characteristic of mould colony

A

Powdery or cottony colony

25
Q

Septate hyphae info and who has it

A

Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Glomeromycota. Fungi can be hyaline or dematiaceous (pigmented)

26
Q

Non-septate (coenocytic) or sparsely septate hyphae who has it

A

Mucorales (Examples: bread moulds: Mucor, Rhizopus, Lichtheimia (Absidia)

27
Q

What’s black bread moulds scientific name?

A

Rhizopus stolonifer

28
Q

Hyphae grow from

A

their tips

29
Q

Mycelium =

A

extensive, feeding

web of hyphae

30
Q

Mycelia are the

A

ecologically active bodies of fungi

31
Q

Feeding of hyphae steps

A
  1. They release enzymes
  2. Enzymes breakdown the substrate
  3. Products diffuse into hyphae
  4. Hyphae use the products to grow at the tips
32
Q

Asexual spores

A

Conidia[either budding or from hyphae], Sporangiospores, Chlamydspores

33
Q

Sexual spores:

A

Zygospores, Basidiospores, Ascospores

34
Q

Dimorphic fungi can

A

grow using different forms

35
Q

Histoplasma Capsulatum ranges

A

Mould form 25-28c

Yeast form 37c

36
Q

Why does H. Capsulatum have two forms?

A

To survive nutritional requirements are more complex

37
Q

What are the medias of the different forms for H. Capsulatum

A

Sabouraud agar 25oC =mould form. Brain heart infusion agar with 5% blood 37oC = yeast form.

38
Q

Fungi require specific environment to grow

A

( light isn’t required, acidic, 25-37 oC exception Aspergillus fumigatus require 37-40 oC )& organic nutrition (they absorb rather than ingest food)

39
Q

What are the different cultures for fungi?

A

Sabouraud agar (carbs rich) with chloramphenicol

Sabouraud agar (carbs rich) with chloramphenicol +/- cycloheximide at 25oC.

Medium for mould to yeast conversion: Brain-Heart Infusion agar with 5% sheep
blood. Incubate the medium at 37oC up to 4 weeks or longer, prevent dehydration.

40
Q

What fungi is seen if soil is asssociated with Bird and bat faeces? With what IF abnormality?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum.

IF abnormality: reticuloendothelial cells

41
Q

What fungi is seen if soil is asssociated with Pigeon faeces?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans.

42
Q

What fungi is seen if soil is associated with Soil alone?

A

Dermatophytes (geophilia)

43
Q

What fungi is seen if soil is asssociated with human (im guessing faeces)? With what IF abnormality?

A

Candida albicans. IF abnormality: skin lesion/orophargeal candidacies

44
Q

Mycotoxicosis

A

caused by ingested toxin: Aspergillus flavus - Aflatoxin- haptotoxic

45
Q

Allergies

A

Asthma, allergic bronchopulmonary disease, IgE and or IgG mediated

46
Q

Colonization and invasion

A

Superficial and cutaneous, Subcutaneous, Deep seated,

disseminated, Opportunistic mycoses, or True (endemic) mycoses.

Micro (4 decks)

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