VHF Flashcards
What is the causative agent of Bolivian Haemorrhagic fever?
Machupo virus
-it is one of the VHF found in South America
-The Vector: mouse.
Arthropod borne VHF?
Mosquito borne :
1- Dengue
2- Yellow fever
3- Rift Valley Fever
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Tick borne :
1- CCHF
2- Colorado Tick virus
Non- arthropod VHF?
- Bat viruses :
Ebola
Marburg - Rodents:
Hantavirus
Lassa
South American VHF
What are the Bunyaviridae?
CCHF virus
Hanta viruses
Sandlfy viruses
Rift Valley Fever
Which disease can transmit by Anopheles mosquito?
1- Malaria
2- filariasis - Wuchereria & Brugia
3- O’nyong’nyong
Which disease can transmit by black fly (Simulum ) ?
1- Onchocerciasis
2- filariasis- Mansonella ozzardi
Which disease can transmit by Aedes mosquito?
1-Yellow fever
2- dengue fever
3- chikungunya
4- West Nile virus
Which disease can transmit by Culex mosquito?
1- Avian malaria
2- Wuchereria bancrofti
3- variety of arboviruses
-West Nile virus
-Western equine encephalitis
-Japanese encephalitis
-St. Louis encephalitis
Which disease can transmit by Deer fly (Chrysops) ?
1- Loiasis (loa loa)
2- Tularaemia
What are the main symptoms of Lassa ?
fever - arthralgia - myalgia
sore throat - usually self-limiting
in severe cases:
oedema and haemorrhage
lassa is endemic in which country?
and what is the only animal reservoir ?
Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Liberia
Mastomys rat
transmission of CCHF ?
How it present?
1- Tick bite
2-animal blood or tissues
IP : Max of 13 days
-Fever, myalgia , dizziness, severe headache, sore eyes and photophobia
- N,V,D and abdominal pain - Sharp mood swings , confusion and agitation progress to sleepiness
- ecchymosis and mucosal bleeding
- AKI , hepatitis , resp failure and death.
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Central asia (pakistan , Turkey ) central Europe and africa
outbreaks ?ass with ostrich as reservoir
Old World/New World Arenaviruses?
Old World:
lassa
Lugo
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)
new world:
Chapare virus - Bolivia
Machepo - Bolivia
Sabia hemorrhagic fever -Brazil
Junín virus - Argentine
Guanarito virus-Venezuelan
symptoms and transmission of Ebola?
Transmission:
fruit bat and contact with body fluids
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- Fever, myalgia , severe headache,Sore throat.
- Severe GI symptoms :
abdominal pain, watery diarrhea and vomiting
- bleeding or bruising
What are the two syndromes associated with hantavirus ??
1) haemorrhagic pulmonary syndrome (found in Americas)
2) haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Asia and Europe – in Scandinavia milder form ‘nephropathia epidermica’)
What are the parvoviridae , and what is the genome type ?
parvovirus B19 , Bocavirus and adeno - associated viruses.
single stranded DNA
What is the genome type of : Herpesviruses, adenoviruses, poxviruses:
??
linear double stranded DNA
What are the genome type of Papillomaviruses (HPV), polyomaviruses (JC) & BK virus ?
Non-enveloped , Circular double stranded DNA.
What is the genome type of reoviruses (rotavirus)?
Non-envelope.
The only known double stranded RNA.
What are the known non-enveloped viruses?
1-Papovaviruses (papiloma , polyoma)
2-Parvoviridae ( parvovirus B19 , bocavirus ,adeno-ass)
3- Caliciviridae (norovirus)
4- Reoviridae (rota virus)
5- Picornaviridae (positive sense ssRNA) : enteroviruses including Coxsackie , polio rhino and hepatitis A virus
6- Adenovirus
7- hepatitis E
What are the genome type of the arenaviruses (Lassa, ), bunyaviruses (hantavirus, RVFV , CCHF)?
- arenaviruses : 2 separate ssRNA
- Bunyaviruses: Negative sense ssRNA
What are the viral receptors of the following viruses:
EBV, HIV, Influenza , JC , Parvovirus B19 , Polio , Rabies , SARS Cov ?
EBV: CD21 plus HLA II
HIV: CD4 plus CXCR4/CCR5
Influenza :Receptor containing sialic acid residues
JC virus: Serotonin receptor on oligodendrocytes
Parvovirus B19: Erythrocyte P receptor
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Polio: CD155 (immnuoglobulin superfamily glycoprotein)
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Rabies: nicotinic acetyl choline receptor (nAChR)
SARS coronavirus: ACE-2 receptor
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What is the genome type of Flaviviridae
HCV, Japanese encephalitis , Dengue, Yellow fever and Zika?
Positive sense
ssRNA
what are the Togaviruses and what is the Genome type?
1- Rubella
2- Alphaviruses :
equine encephalitis , Onyongnyong and Chikungunya
——
positive sense
ssRNA
What are the Negative sense ssRNA viruses?
2-Paramyxoviridae : parainfluenza, Metapneumovirus , RSV Measles, Mumps , hendra/Nipah.
——
3-Rhabdo : Rabies
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4- Filoviridae (filamentous shape):
Ebola & Marburg
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5-Bunyaviridae :
CCHF, RVF , Hanta
What is the genome type of hepatitis E ?
non-enveloped
single stranded positive sense RNA virus.
who is at greatest risk of chronic Hepatitis E ?
Patients with impaired T cell immunity (such as solid organ transplant recipients, especially if receiving tacrolimus)
gold standard diagnostic test for HEV?
HEV RNA in serum and stool
What is the recommendation for pt with past HBV infection starting on rituximab or other B cell-depleting therapies?
1- prophylaxis with lamivudine
2- Start prophylaxis before beginning immunosuppressive therapy and continue for a minimum of 6 months after stopping
the infectious period of parvovirus B19?
7-10 days before the rash develops, until 1 day after rash appears
Maternal VZV infection 4d before and 2 d after delivery?
1- VZIG (or IVIG 400) within 24-48h
2- IV Acyclovir 30mg/kg/day in 3 doses from day 7 of maternal eruption for 10 d
3- if neonate develops rash despite all this measures, Treat with IV acyclovir x 3 weeks
Maternal VZV infection from d3 to d28 postpartum , how to manage the neonate ??
1- prophylactic acyclovir 80 mg/kg/day in 4 doses.
from d7 of maternal rash and for 10 days
2- if neonate become symptomatic : to hospitalise and switch to intravenous acyclovir for at least 3 weeks
maternal VZV from d20 to d5 before delivery?
1- Keep newborn and mother for at least 3 days hospitalised
2- VZIG (or IVIG) Within 24-48h and monitor
3- If vesicles are present at birth or appear, add acyclovir PO 80 mg/kg/day divided into four doses and maintain over 7 days
What is the recommended initial ART when there is evidence of transmitted resistance (e.g HIV when on PrEP) ??
NRTI Backbone plus:
dolutegravir, bictegravir or boosted darunavir.
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Note: Bictegravir is currently only available in combination with TAF
T/F The only available treatment for Lassa fever is symptomatic ?
F
Ribavirin significantly reduces mortality, from 26% to 5%
diseases transmit effectively by Culex?
Japanese encephalitis v
west nile encephalitis
Lymphatic filariasis
diseases transmit effectively by Aedes?
yellow fever
Dengue
Zika
Chikungunya
RVF
Lymphatic filariasis
diseases transmit effectively by Anopheles ?
Malaria
Filaria
T/F all smallpox vaccines are safe to administer in HIV ?
F
1- Live vaccinia
can be given as 1ry prophylaxis only if CD4>200 , and can be given after direct contact if CD4>50
2- non-replicating (Imvanex) : can be give regardless CD4 count
T/F:
Both HNIG and IVIG are used in the post-exposure of measles
T:
Both can be used in individuals for whom MMR vaccine is not appropriate.
HNIG is used in pregnancy and infancy; IVIG is used for immunosuppressed individuals.
infectious period of Measles?
4d before to 4d after rash
exposed pregnant should be tested for IgG before HNIG if possible
infant contacts under 6 months, and all household infant contacts under 9 months should receive HNIG without any testing.
HNIG is used within 6 days of exposure.
