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VHF Flashcards

1
Q

What is the causative agent of Bolivian Haemorrhagic fever?

A

Machupo virus
-it is one of the VHF found in South America
-The Vector: mouse.

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2
Q

Arthropod borne VHF?

A

Mosquito borne :
1- Dengue
2- Yellow fever
3- Rift Valley Fever
————————–
Tick borne :
1- CCHF
2- Colorado Tick virus

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3
Q

Non- arthropod VHF?

A
  • Bat viruses :
    Ebola
    Marburg
  • Rodents:
    Hantavirus
    Lassa
    South American VHF
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4
Q

What are the Bunyaviridae?

A

CCHF virus
Hanta viruses
Sandlfy viruses
Rift Valley Fever

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5
Q

Which disease can transmit by Anopheles mosquito?

A

1- Malaria

2- filariasis - Wuchereria & Brugia

3- O’nyong’nyong

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6
Q

Which disease can transmit by black fly (Simulum ) ?

A

1- Onchocerciasis
2- filariasis- Mansonella ozzardi

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7
Q

Which disease can transmit by Aedes mosquito?

A

1-Yellow fever
2- dengue fever
3- chikungunya
4- West Nile virus

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8
Q

Which disease can transmit by Culex mosquito?

A

1- Avian malaria
2- Wuchereria bancrofti
3- variety of arboviruses
-West Nile virus
-Western equine encephalitis
-Japanese encephalitis
-St. Louis encephalitis

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9
Q

Which disease can transmit by Deer fly (Chrysops) ?

A

1- Loiasis (loa loa)
2- Tularaemia

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10
Q

What are the main symptoms of Lassa ?

A

fever - arthralgia - myalgia
sore throat - usually self-limiting
in severe cases:
oedema and haemorrhage

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11
Q

lassa is endemic in which country?
and what is the only animal reservoir ?

A

Nigeria, Sierra Leone and Liberia
Mastomys rat

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12
Q

transmission of CCHF ?
How it present?

A

1- Tick bite
2-animal blood or tissues
IP : Max of 13 days
-Fever, myalgia , dizziness, severe headache, sore eyes and photophobia
- N,V,D and abdominal pain - Sharp mood swings , confusion and agitation progress to sleepiness
- ecchymosis and mucosal bleeding
- AKI , hepatitis , resp failure and death.
—————–
Central asia (pakistan , Turkey ) central Europe and africa
outbreaks ?ass with ostrich as reservoir

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13
Q

Old World/New World Arenaviruses?

A

Old World:
lassa
Lugo
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)
new world:
Chapare virus - Bolivia
Machepo - Bolivia
Sabia hemorrhagic fever -Brazil
Junín virus - Argentine
Guanarito virus-Venezuelan

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14
Q

symptoms and transmission of Ebola?

A

Transmission:
fruit bat and contact with body fluids
—————
- Fever, myalgia , severe headache,Sore throat.
- Severe GI symptoms :
abdominal pain, watery diarrhea and vomiting
- bleeding or bruising

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15
Q

What are the two syndromes associated with hantavirus ??

A

1) haemorrhagic pulmonary syndrome (found in Americas)
2) haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (Asia and Europe – in Scandinavia milder form ‘nephropathia epidermica’)

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16
Q

What are the parvoviridae , and what is the genome type ?

A

parvovirus B19 , Bocavirus and adeno - associated viruses.

single stranded DNA

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17
Q

What is the genome type of : Herpesviruses, adenoviruses, poxviruses:
??

A

linear double stranded DNA

18
Q

What are the genome type of Papillomaviruses (HPV), polyomaviruses (JC) & BK virus ?

A

Non-enveloped , Circular double stranded DNA.

19
Q

What is the genome type of reoviruses (rotavirus)?

A

Non-envelope.
The only known double stranded RNA.

20
Q

What are the known non-enveloped viruses?

A

1-Papovaviruses (papiloma , polyoma)

2-Parvoviridae ( parvovirus B19 , bocavirus ,adeno-ass)

3- Caliciviridae (norovirus)

4- Reoviridae (rota virus)

5- Picornaviridae (positive sense ssRNA) : enteroviruses including Coxsackie , polio rhino and hepatitis A virus

6- Adenovirus
7- hepatitis E

21
Q

What are the genome type of the arenaviruses (Lassa, ), bunyaviruses (hantavirus, RVFV , CCHF)?

A

  • arenaviruses : 2 separate ssRNA
  • Bunyaviruses: Negative sense ssRNA
22
Q

What are the viral receptors of the following viruses:
EBV, HIV, Influenza , JC , Parvovirus B19 , Polio , Rabies , SARS Cov ?

A

EBV: CD21 plus HLA II
HIV: CD4 plus CXCR4/CCR5
Influenza :Receptor containing sialic acid residues
JC virus: Serotonin receptor on oligodendrocytes
Parvovirus B19: Erythrocyte P receptor
———-
Polio: CD155 (immnuoglobulin superfamily glycoprotein)
———-
Rabies: nicotinic acetyl choline receptor (nAChR)
SARS coronavirus: ACE-2 receptor
——–

23
Q

What is the genome type of Flaviviridae
HCV, Japanese encephalitis , Dengue, Yellow fever and Zika?

A

Positive sense
ssRNA

24
Q

what are the Togaviruses and what is the Genome type?

A

1- Rubella
2- Alphaviruses :
equine encephalitis , Onyongnyong and Chikungunya
——
positive sense
ssRNA

25
Q

What are the Negative sense ssRNA viruses?

A

2-Paramyxoviridae : parainfluenza, Metapneumovirus , RSV Measles, Mumps , hendra/Nipah.
——
3-Rhabdo : Rabies
——-
4- Filoviridae (filamentous shape):
Ebola & Marburg
——-
5-Bunyaviridae :
CCHF, RVF , Hanta

26
Q

What is the genome type of hepatitis E ?

A

non-enveloped
single stranded positive sense RNA virus.

27
Q

who is at greatest risk of chronic Hepatitis E ?

A

Patients with impaired T cell immunity (such as solid organ transplant recipients, especially if receiving tacrolimus)

28
Q

gold standard diagnostic test for HEV?

A

HEV RNA in serum and stool

29
Q

What is the recommendation for pt with past HBV infection starting on rituximab or other B cell-depleting therapies?

A

1- prophylaxis with lamivudine
2- Start prophylaxis before beginning immunosuppressive therapy and continue for a minimum of 6 months after stopping

30
Q

the infectious period of parvovirus B19?

A

7-10 days before the rash develops, until 1 day after rash appears

31
Q

Maternal VZV infection 4d before and 2 d after delivery?

A

1- VZIG (or IVIG 400) within 24-48h
2- IV Acyclovir 30mg/kg/day in 3 doses from day 7 of maternal eruption for 10 d
3- if neonate develops rash despite all this measures, Treat with IV acyclovir x 3 weeks

32
Q

Maternal VZV infection from d3 to d28 postpartum , how to manage the neonate ??

A

1- prophylactic acyclovir 80 mg/kg/day in 4 doses.
from d7 of maternal rash and for 10 days
2- if neonate become symptomatic : to hospitalise and switch to intravenous acyclovir for at least 3 weeks

33
Q

maternal VZV from d20 to d5 before delivery?

A

1- Keep newborn and mother for at least 3 days hospitalised
2- VZIG (or IVIG) Within 24-48h and monitor
3- If vesicles are present at birth or appear, add acyclovir PO 80 mg/kg/day divided into four doses and maintain over 7 days

34
Q

What is the recommended initial ART when there is evidence of transmitted resistance (e.g HIV when on PrEP) ??

A

NRTI Backbone plus:
dolutegravir, bictegravir or boosted darunavir.
—-
Note: Bictegravir is currently only available in combination with TAF

35
Q

T/F The only available treatment for Lassa fever is symptomatic ?

A

F
Ribavirin significantly reduces mortality, from 26% to 5%

36
Q

diseases transmit effectively by Culex?

A

Japanese encephalitis v
west nile encephalitis
Lymphatic filariasis

37
Q

diseases transmit effectively by Aedes?

A

yellow fever
Dengue
Zika
Chikungunya
RVF
Lymphatic filariasis

38
Q

diseases transmit effectively by Anopheles ?

A

Malaria
Filaria

39
Q

T/F all smallpox vaccines are safe to administer in HIV ?

A

F
1- Live vaccinia
can be given as 1ry prophylaxis only if CD4>200 , and can be given after direct contact if CD4>50
2- non-replicating (Imvanex) : can be give regardless CD4 count

40
Q

T/F:
Both HNIG and IVIG are used in the post-exposure of measles

A

T:
Both can be used in individuals for whom MMR vaccine is not appropriate.

HNIG is used in pregnancy and infancy; IVIG is used for immunosuppressed individuals.

41
Q

infectious period of Measles?

A

4d before to 4d after rash
exposed pregnant should be tested for IgG before HNIG if possible
infant contacts under 6 months, and all household infant contacts under 9 months should receive HNIG without any testing.
HNIG is used within 6 days of exposure.

42
Q
A

revision (4 decks)

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