VH 1 Midterm Flashcards
______ does not cause a person to be ill.
Non-pathogenic microorganisms
The Chain of Infection
- pathogen/infectious agent
- reservoir
- portal of exit
- mode of transmission
- portal of entry
- susceptible host
Direct contact, indirect, or droplet contact and transfer of microorganisms
Contact transmission
Mode of Hep A
Direct or indirect Contact
Inflammation is the body’s ________.
Cellular response to injury or infection
Another name for a Nosocomial/iatrogenic infection
A health care acquired infection (HAI)
Incubation period
Period between the introduction of pathogen into body and the appearance of first symptoms
Ie. Chickenpox 2-3 wks
Virulence
The ability of microorganisms to produce disease
Know isolation precautions
Eg. Someone who has C-diff
Contact precautions
When would you wear a gown?
When blood or bodily fluids may get on your clothing
Client is angry about being in isolation. What would be the Nurses best response?
A)explain the isolation procedures & provide meaningful stimulation
B)provide a dark, quiet room to calm client
C)limit family & other caregiver visits to reducethe risk of spreading the infection
A
The appraisal stages of a stressful event
Change of opinion based on new information
Hands are kept above the elbow during what kind of hand hygiene?
Surgical hand hygiene
Nurse suspects possible viral infection or upper respiratory allergies when the clirnt says his/her sputum is what color?
Clear
How many lobes is the right lung divided into, and how many lobes is the left lung divided into?
Right side ->3 lobes
Left side ->2 lobes
Passive breathing should occur at a rate of _____.
12-20 breathes per minute
Above 20 breaths a minute is known as _______.
Tachypnea
Which statement does NOT describe asthma.
A)A hyper reactive airway disease
B)An allergy related disease, without inflammation
C)A disease characterized by bronchoconstriction
B
Bacterial pneumonia causes a productive cough that may produce what colour is sputum?
White, yellow, or green
During diastole, the ventricles are relaxed and fill with blood from the Atria? True or false
True
Angina pectoris is ______.
Chest pain described as squeezing, suffocating and or constricting
Heart failure occurs when ______.
Ventricles can no longer effectively handle cardiac workload
Thrombus is a ________.
Blood clot forms in large vein, usually lower limb
An acquired septal defect occurs _________.
After birth
Tetralogy of fallot a newborn’s heart has how many defects?
Newborns heart 4 defects
Define CAD
Coronary artery disease
What is the function of coronary arteries?
Supply the heart muscle it self CO2
CHF is a progressive type of heart failure with symptoms of SOB exercise intolerance and fluid retention. True or false
True
Pneumonia is classified as:
A) infection that is acquired only by contact
B) an infection that has more than one possible infective agent
C) blood born infection
B
Define Cheyne Stokes
Near end of life breathing or with severe brain damage
As the body ages most gland atrophy (shrink) and decrease their secretion. True or false.
True
Define emphysema
Characterized by diminished breath and voice sounds
People with COPD have large amounts of sputum. True or false.
False
Lung cancer often produces few early symptoms therefore has a high mortality rate. True or False
True
First signs of lung cancer
Coughing, wheezing, SOB
Congenital heart defects may be caused by environmental factors. True or false.
True
ASD(s) are ______.
Heart defects whose prognosis is excellent
A cardiac problem that an infant is born with.
Congenital heart disease
Which one of these statements regarding Hypertension is INCORRECT?
A) May be caused by persistent stress, physical inactivity and obesity
B) Can be caused by reduced serum lipids and reduced sodium intake
C) There is often a family history
B
Coronary artery Disease is caused by _______.
Caused by blockage or hardening of the arteries
Tough outer layer of skin is called ________.
Epidermis
Scabies
An infestation of the skin by an itch mite
Psoriasis
Chronic non-infectious inflammatory disease of the skin
Melanomas
Cancerous growths and most legal of all skin cancers
The organ that has both endocrine and exocrine functions is the _____.
Pancreas
Diabetes Mellitus is a condition in which ______
Body cannot use the insulin it produces
A client who is insulin dependent and has a genetic history most likely has _______.
Type 1 diabetes
Which one of the following is NOT a manifestation of ALL types of diabetes?
A) polycystitis
B) polyuria
C) polydipsia
A
Hypoglycemia occurs when _____.
Blood glucose falls below 2.7 to 3.3 mmol/L
A chronic disease that can affect all types of nerves is known as ______.
Diabetic neuropathy
Hypopituitarism can result from disease of the anterior pituitary gland and or _________.
Hypothalamus
Hyperthyroidism may be manifested by
A) Goiter
B) Angina
C) weight gain
A
Thyroid gland produces what 3 hormones
T3, T4, and calcitonin
A person who has poor functioning parathyroid glands may
A) experience difficulty swallowing
B) have abnormal serum calcium levels
C) lose weight in spite of marked increase in appetite
B
