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Virology > VETS3010 Viral families > Flashcards

VETS3010 Viral families Flashcards

1
Q

Briefly describe Adenoviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • dsDNA virus w intranuclear replication and inclusion bodies
  • Icosahedral capsule w 1-2 fibers/vertex
  • non-enveloped
  • many serotypes, most species specific; can persist for years
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2
Q

List some examples of Adenoviruses

A
  • Infectious canine hepatitis (Canine adenovirus 1)
  • Infectious canine laryngeotracheitis (Canine adenovirus 2)
  • human adenoviruses (>30 serotypes)
  • bovine adenoviruses (10 serotypes)
  • porcine adenoviruses
  • equine adenoviruses
  • avian adenoviruses
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3
Q

List some examples of Circoviruses

A
  • Psittacine beak and feather disease virus
  • Chicken anaemia virus
  • Porcine circovirus
  • Canine (dog) circovirus
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4
Q

Briefly describe Herpesviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • dsDNA w intranuclear replication
  • Icosohedral capsid
  • Enveloped
  • Characteristic feature: latent infection with periodic recurrences
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5
Q

List some examples of herpesviruses

A

Avian:
Infectious laryngotracheitis
Marek’s disease

Bovine herpesvirus 1-5:
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (BHV1)
Bovine herpes mammilitis (BHV2)
Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 + ovine herpesvirus 2)

Canine herpesvirus 1

Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1-8

Equine herpesvirus 1-7
1: Equine abortion virus
2, 5: Equine cytolomegaloviruses
3: Equine coital exanthema
4: Equine rhinopneumonitis virus

Feline herpesvirus 1 (Feline rhinotracheitis virus)

Human herpesviruses:
Herpes simplex 1-8
Varicella zoster
Epstine Barr virus

Porcine herpesvirus 1 (Aujeszky’s disease)

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6
Q

How are herpesviruses usually diagnosed?

A

Detection of antibodies NB detection of virus only useful during periods of disease recrudence

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7
Q

Briefly describe papillomaviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • dsDNA with intranuclear replication
  • Icosohedral capsid
  • no envelope
  • Characteristic: lesions usually spontaneously regress
  • Some associated with carcinomas
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8
Q

How are papillomaviruses usually diagnosed?

A

Characteristic pathology

EM (mature viruses in keratinised epithelium)

PCR (genomes present in basal cells)

(No success with culture)

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9
Q

List some examples of papillomaviruses

A

Human papilloma viruses (>60 types)

Bovine papillomaviruses 1-6

Equine papillomaviruses
Equine sarcoids (bovine papillomavirus)

Canine papillomaviruses

Ovine papillomas

Caprine papillomas

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10
Q

Briefly describe parvoviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features
A
  • ssDNA with intranuclear replication + inclusion bodies
  • icosohedral capsid (very small virus)
  • non-enveloped
  • extremely resistant, incluing extreme temp and pH
  • highly immunogenic
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11
Q

List some examples of parvoviruses

A
  • Canine parvovirus
  • Swine parvovirus
  • Feline panleucopenia virus
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12
Q

Briefly describe poxviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • dsDNA, but with cytoplasmic replication + inclusion bodies
  • complex capsid, large
  • enveloped, but infectious even without envelope (resistant in environment)
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13
Q

How are poxviruses usually diagnosed?

A
  • characteristic clinical appearance and histopathology
  • virus isolation & EM
  • PCR used less commonly
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14
Q

List some examples of poxviruses

A
  • Smallpox
  • Vaccinia
  • Buffalopox
  • Cowpox
  • Sheepox
  • Goatpox
  • Lumpy skin disease
  • Scabby mouth (parapox)
  • Pseudocowpox/papular stomatitis (parapox)
  • Swinepox (pigpox)
  • Myxoma
  • Fowlpox
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15
Q

Briefly describe African Swine Fever Virus

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • dsDNA virus
  • icosohedral
  • enveloped
  • taxonomic ‘orphan’
  • only DNA arbovirus
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16
Q

Briefly describe Calciviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
A
  • ssRNA
  • icosohedral capsid with characteristic “cup-shaped depressions” = calices
  • non-enveloped
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17
Q

List some examples of Calciviruses

A
  • vesicular exanthema
  • feline calcivirus
  • rabbit haemorrhagic disease
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18
Q

Briefly describe coronaviruses

  • genome?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
A
  • ssRNA virus
  • helical capsid with “club-shaped” peplomers
  • enveloped
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19
Q

List some examples of coronoviruses

A
  • Infectious bronchitis (in chickens)
  • Transmissible gastroenteritis (in pigs)
  • Porcine epidemic diarrhoea
  • Porcine haemagglutinating encephalitis
  • Feline infectious peritonitis
  • Canine coronavirus
  • Bovine coronavirus
  • Severe acute respiratory disease (SARS)
  • Middle East respiratory distress syndrome (MERS-CoV)
  • COVID-19
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20
Q

Briefly describe Flaviviruses

  • genome?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • ssRNA virus
  • Icosohedral capsid
  • enveloped
  • mostly arboviruses (biological transmission) (except some pestiviruses)
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21
Q

List some Flaviviruses (Flavivirus genus)

A
  • Japanese B encephalitis
  • Murray Valley encephalitis
  • Dengue
  • West Nile virus
  • West Nile virus - Kunjin virus
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22
Q

List some Flaviviruses (Pestivirus genus)

A
  • Bovine virus diarrhoea virus
  • Border disease virus
  • Swine fever (hog cholera)
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23
Q

Briefly describe Influenza viruses (orthomyoviridae)

  • genome?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • 8x ssRNA
  • Helical capsids with H & N peplomers
  • enveloped
  • Subject to antigenic drift, as well as antigenic shift
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24
Q

List some influenza viruses

A
  • Influenza A, B, C (only A of veterinary importance)
  • Subtypes: H1-17, N1-10
  • Spanish flu H1N1
  • Swine flue H1N1(pdm09)
  • Avian influenza H5N1, H7N9, H7N7, H9N2
  • Equine influenza H7N7(equi 1), H3N8(equi 2)
  • Canine influenza (Dog flu) H3N8
  • Fowl plague: H5, H7 subtypes
  • All subtypes found in ducks
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25
Q

Briefly describe Retroviruses

  • genome?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • 2 x ssRNA
  • Helical nucleocapsid surrounded by icosohedral capsid
  • Enveloped
  • Persistent, lifelong infection
  • provirus inserted into host DNA
  • oncoviruses, lentiviruses, spumaviruses
26
Q

Discuss the transmission and replication of retroviruses

A
  • horizontal (exogenous) or vertical (endogenous) transmission
  • contains reverse transcriptase, makes provirus (DNA analogue of viral RNA), inserted into host genome
  • provirus replicated into daugter cells
  • virons bud from plasma membrane -> acquire envelope
27
Q

List and briefly describe the subtypes of retroviruses

A
  • Oncoviruses (associated with neoplasia)
  • Lentivirus (slowly progressive disease)
  • Spumaviruses (non-pathenogenic)
  • Exogenous = horizontally transmitted, infectious
  • Endogenous = vertically transmitted, usually transcriptionally silent
28
Q

List some examples of oncoviruses (retroviruses)

A
  • Avian lymphoid leukosis
  • Bovine leukaemia virus (Enzootic bovine leucosis)
  • Feline leukaemia virus
  • Feline sarcoma virus
  • Reticuloendothelial virus (in chickens)
  • Pulmonary adenomatosis (Jaagsiekte) (in sheep)
29
Q

List some examples of lentiviruses (retroviruses)

A
  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
  • Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)
  • Maedi-visna virus
  • Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
  • Equine infectious anaemia
30
Q

Briefly describe paramyxoviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
A
  • ssRNA w intracytoplasmic replication and synctyia
  • helical nucelocapsid, 2 types of peplomers (F, H+N)
  • enveloped
31
Q

List the three groups of paramyxoviruses

A
  • respiratory paramyxoviruses
  • Morbilliviruses
  • Henipaviruses
32
Q

List examples of respiratory paramyxoviruses

A
  • Parainfluenza virus 2 (in dogs)
  • Parainfluenza virus 3 (in cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, dogs)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (in cattle)
  • Parainfluenza 1-4 (in humans)
33
Q

List some examples of Morbilliviruses

A
  • Rinderpest
  • Distemper
  • Measles
  • Marine mammal morbillivirus
  • Newcastle disease (avian paramyxovirus 1)
34
Q

List some examples of Henipaviruses

A
  • Hendra virus (in horses)
  • Nipah virus (in pigs)
35
Q

Briefly describe picornaviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
A
  • ssRNA with intracytoplasmic replication
  • Icosohedral capsid, small
  • non-enveloped
36
Q

List examples of picornaviruses

A
  • Foot and mouth disease (> 80 subtypes)
  • Swine vesicular disease
  • Porcine enterovirus
  • Avian infectious encephalomyelitis
  • Rhinoviruses of horses, cattle, people
  • Encephalomyocarditis virus
37
Q

Briefly describe rhabdoviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
A
  • ssRNA with intramuscular intracytoplamic replication
  • Helical “bullet-shaped” capsid
  • Enveloped
38
Q

List examples of rhabdoviruses

A
  • Rabies
  • Australian bat lyssavirus
  • Vesicular stomatitis
  • Bovine ephemeral fever (3 day sickness)
  • Rhabdoviruses of fish
39
Q

Briefly describe togaviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
  • specific features?
A
  • ssRNA
  • icosohedral capsid
  • enveloped
  • arboviruses (biological transmission)
40
Q

List examples of togaviruses

A

Eastern, Western, and Venezuelan Equine encephalitis

41
Q

Briefly describe circoviruses

  • genome and site of replication?
  • capsid?
  • enveloped?
A
  • ssDNA
  • icosahedral
  • Non-enveloped
42
Q

Briefly describe bunyaviruses

  • genome
  • capsid
  • envelope
A
  • 3x ssRNA
  • helical
  • enveloped
43
Q

List some examples of bunyaviruses

A

Akabane

Schamallenberg virus

Rift Valley fever

44
Q

Briefly describe arteriviruses

  • genome
  • capsid
  • envelope
A

ssRNA

icosohedral

enveloped

45
Q

List some examples of arteriviruses

A

Equine viral arteritis

Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome

46
Q

Briefly describe reoviruses

  • genome
  • capsid
  • envelope
A

10-12 double stranded RNA

Icosahedral

No envelope

47
Q

List some examples of reoviruses

A

Bluetongue

African horse sickness

Rotavirus

48
Q

Briefly describe birnaviruses

  • genome
  • capsid
  • envelope
A
  • 2x double stranded RNA
  • Icosahedral
  • no envelope
49
Q

List some examples of birnaviruses

A

Infectious bursal disease (Gumboro disease)

50
Q

List the erosive diseases of cattle

A
  1. malignant catarrhal fever (herpesvirus)
  2. bovine virus diarrhoea virus (pestivirus)
  3. Rinderpest (paramyxovirus, eradicated)
51
Q

List some diseases caused by prions

A

Crueztfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Scrapie

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Transmissible mink encephalopathy

Transmissible feline encephalopathy

Chronic wasting disease (deer, elk)

52
Q

What are prions?

A

Abnormally folded isoforms of normal host cell proteins (+/- variation in amino acid sequence)

Transmissible elements containing no genetic material

53
Q

List the DNA viruses with envelopes

A

Poxviruses

African swine fever virus

Herpesvirus

54
Q

List the viruses with single stranded DNA

A

Parvovirus

Circovirus

55
Q

List the viruses with helical capsids

A

Paramyxovirus

Influenza viruses

Rhabdoviruses

Coronaviruses

Bunyaviruses

56
Q

Do viruses with helical capsids have an envelope?

A

Yes

57
Q

List the RNA viruses with no envelope

A

Reovirus

Birnaviruses

Calciviruses

Picornaviruses

58
Q

List the viruses with >1 segment RNA

A

Influenza viruses (8 ssRNA)

Bunyaviruses (3 ssRNA)

Reoviruses (10-12 dsRNA)

Birnaviruses (2 dsRNA)

59
Q

List the viruses with double stranded RNA

A

Reoviruses (x10-12 segments)

Birnaviruses (x2 segments)

60
Q

Which pathogens have a role in kennel cough?

A

Canine adenovirus 2

Parainfluenza virus 2

Bordatella

61
Q

Which pathogens have a role in cat flu?

A

Feline herpesvirus 1 (40%)

Feline calcivirus (40%)

Chlamydia (20%)

62
Q

Which pathogens have a role in bovine respiratory disease?

A

Bovine respiratory disease:

Bovine herpesvirus 1

Bovine virus diarrhoea virus

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

Bovine corona virus

Bovine adenovirus

Bovine parainfluenza virus 3

+ bacterial infection

+ environmental

Virology (4 decks)

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