Veterinary Science

Question 1

Biochemistry

Answer 1

1)Biochemistry is the study of the chemistry of life

2)Highly relevant to the metabolism and function of animals in health and disease

Question 2

Metabolic Disorders

Answer 2

1)Metabolism refers to all processes in the body that break down and convert ingested substances to provide the energy and nutrients needed to sustain life.

2)Food, liquids, and drugs all generally undergo metabolic processes within the body.

3)As many foods are complex materials, they need to be broken down into simpler substances, which in turn become “building blocks” for the body to use as needed.

4)Metabolic disorders are important because they affect energy production or damage tissues.

Question 3

Metabolic Storage Disorders

Answer 3

1)Metabolic storage disorders usually result from the body’s inability to break down some substance because of partial or complete lack of a certain enzyme.

2)The substance can build up to a toxic level, or the body is unable to produce the substance that it needs.

3)Metabolic storage disorders can be either genetic or acquired.

Question 4

Diabetes in Dogs

Answer 4

Common tests:
1)Blood screening profile- checking organ function with red and white blood cell health.

2)Blood fructosamine test- gives overview of blood sugar levels: monitoring purposes.

3)Urine culture- checking of urinary tract infections since sugary urine attracts bacteria.

Question 5

How to manage your dog’s diabetes?

Answer 5

1)Maintain a healthy diet or switch to one

2)Insulin injections once or twice a day

Question 6

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) in Cats

Answer 6

1)IBD- syndrome caused by specific reaction to chronic irritation of stomach or intestines.
Specific type of inflammatory cells invade the wall of the stomach and/or intestines. Lining tract thickens.

2)Making it harder for the cat to absorb nutrients and move food along the GI tract.

Question 7

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) in Cats - Causes

Answer 7

bacterial infection, parasitic infection, allergy to a specific dietary protein

Question 8

bacterial infection, parasitic infection, allergy to a specific dietary protein - Common Signs

Answer 8

1)Vomiting

2)Diarrhoea

3)Abdominal bloating/gas

Question 9

bacterial infection, parasitic infection, allergy to a specific dietary protein - Common Tests:

Answer 9

1)Fecal analysis to check for infectious organisms

2)Blood testing for folate to check for imbalance in normal bacterial populations in GI tract

3)Measurement of Vitamin B12 to check for decreased ability to absorb nutrients

4)Imaging of intestines by ultrasound

Question 10

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (Inflammatory Bowel Disease) in Cats - Treatments

Answer 10

1)Supplementation of B12

2)Introduction of new protein source
High fiber diet

3)Immunosuppressive medication such as corticosteroids, budesonide or dexamethasone

Question 11

Role of dietary fatty acids in dogs and cats

Answer 11

1)Dietary fats, specifically fatty acids are essential in the diet of dogs and cats.

2)Fats and fatty acids: provide energy, aid in fat-soluble vitamin absorption, modulate inflammation, act as a precursor to eicosanoids and prostaglandins, several structural roles as a component of cell membranes and affect skin and coat health.

Question 12

Animal Feed: Fatty Acids Optimaizatioin

Answer 12

1)Dogs and cats require omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in their diet because they cannot produce these essential fatty acids on their own

2)Deficiency of omega-6 fatty acids can cause skin and coat abnormalities, reproductive problems and failure to thrive.

Question 13

Serum Biochemistry

Answer 13

1)Serum Biochemistry is a chemical analysis of serum

2)Serum Biochemistry panels are selected group of biochemistry tests designed to investigate a specific concern

3)Blood hematological and biochemical parameters are critical for the disease diagnosis and health management for both wild and captive animals

4)Blood parameters reflect the health condition of animals, and serum biochemistry is an important tool for the clinical assessment of wildlife and livestock

Question 14

Pathogenic detection system for clinical veterinary and aquaculture

Answer 14

1)API (Analytical Profile Index) 20E is a biochemical panel for the identification and differentiation of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae

2)Plastic strip contains 20 test mini-chambers containing dehydrated media with chemically defined compositions for each test

3)They usually detect enzymatic activity, mainly related to the fermentation of carbohydrates or the catabolism of proteins or amino acids by the inoculated organisms