Pharmaceutical Science Flashcards
Precision Medicine
Precision medicine is a strategy for disease prevention and tailored treatment that incorporates individual genetic, environmental and experiential variability
What is Pharmacogenomics?
1)A field of research that studies how a person’s genes affect how he/she responds to medications.
2)This type of testing may help inform healthcare providers’ medication selection and dosing.
3)As current treatment for drug is a “one size fits all” kind of approach.
Pharmacogenomics help to refine the focus of treatment and makes drugs more effective and less toxic.
Genetic Testing Help in Depression Treatment - GeneSight Psychotropic
GeneSight Psychotropic only tests for genetic variants that have a significant impact on medication outcomes.
Genetic Testing Help In Depression Treatment
1)Based on the patients genetic, it can classify the medication into different phenotypes.
2)And combination of medication to see more synergistic effect.
3)This will give the patient a better medication combination to treat the depression.
Benefits of pharmacogenomics
1)Most powerful medicines
2)Better, safer drugs the first time
3)More accurate methods of determining appropriate drug dosages
4)Advanced screening for disease
5)Improvements in the drug discovery and approval process
1)More powerful medicines
1)Pharmaceutical companies will be able to create drugs based on the proteins, enzymes, and RNA molecules associated with genes and diseases.
2)Will facilitate drug discovery and allow drug maker to produce a therapy more targeted to specific diseases.
3)This accuracy will not only maximize therapeutic effect BUT also decrease damage to nearby healthy cells.
2)Better, safer drugs the first time
1)Reduce/ eliminate the standard trial-and-error method of matching patients with the right drugs.
2)Doctors will be able to analyze a patient’s genetic profile and prescribe the best available drug therapy from the beginning.
3)This will not only take the guesswork out of finding the right drug, it will speed recovery time and increase safety as the likelihood of adverse reactions is eliminated.
3)More accurate methods of determining appropriate drug dosages
1)Current methods of basing dosages on weight and age will be replaced with dosages based on a person’s genetics
2)This will maximize the therapy’s value and decrease the likelihood of an overdose
4)Advanced screening for disease
1)Knowing one’s genetic code will allow to make a person to make adequate life and environmental change s at an early age to avoid or lessen the severity of a genetic disease
2)Advance knowledge of disease susceptibility will allow careful monitoring, and treatments can be introduced at the most appropriate stage to maximise their therapy
5)Improvements in the drug discovery and approval process
1)Pharmaceutical companies will be able to discover potential therapies more easily using genome targets.
2)Drug approval process should be facilitated trials are targeted for specific genetic population groups and providing greater degree of success.
3)Cost and risk of clinical trials will be reduced by targeting only those person capable of responding to a drug.
Pharmacology of cellular therapeutics
-Cellular Therapeutics: transplantation of cellular materials into patients to cure diseases.
-Concept of pharmacology is used to elucidate the drug efficacy and safety under diverse formulation and dosing regimens.
-Pharmacology is divided into two divisions:
1)Pharmacokinetics (PK)
2)Phamacodynamics (PD)
1)Pharmacokinetics (PK)
PK delineates the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) in term of drugs concentration, which can be translated into cell viability, homing/ retention, cell- cell interaction and clearance in cellular therapies.
2)Phamacodynamics (PD)
PD describes the relationship between PK of a particular drug and the corresponding drug
responses in terms of biochemical interaction, which can be translated to the measurable biomarker representing the therapeutic effects of cellular therapies according to their mechanisms of action.
What are the current cell engineering strategies?
Cell engineering strategies as cell formulation technology to improve cell pharmacology
1)Genetic engineering
2)Preconditioning
3)Biomaterial encapsulation
4)Surface modification
5)Cell assembly
1)Genetic Engineering
Cell homing: Increase
Cell survival: Increase
Cell-cell interaction: Increase
Secretomes production: Increase
