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vet.medicine.kh > veterinary Medicine. > Flashcards

veterinary Medicine. Flashcards

1
Q

canine hyperthyroidism MC cause in canine

A

thyroid carcinoma

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2
Q

msot common congestive heart failure in dog

A

mitral valve regurgitation other causes includes dilated cardiomyopathy, heartworm

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3
Q

estrus induced aplastic anemia in ferret

A

pale skin swollen vulva in an unsprayed ferret

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4
Q

change in blood sample of horse associated with epinephrine

A

increased hematocrit dur to splenic contraction

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5
Q

fungal pneumonia in southwest USA

A

Coccidioides immmitis

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6
Q

organism cause fetal death, early abortion, immunotolerance, and persistent infection in bovine if it infects fetus before 125 days

A

Bovine viral diarrhea differential of this is trichomoniasis which cause early abortion before 125 days

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7
Q

pododermatitis in pig causes

A

bumble foot in Pigs because of obesity and wire cage floor

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8
Q

Fatal necrotic enteritis in piglets less than three days

A

clostridiuym perferingins type C affected piglet often have sudden diarrhea with sudden death

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9
Q

common ear mites in rabbit

A

Psoroptes caniculi ,serum and brown crusts in ear cheylitella also called walking dandruf also common in rabbit.

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10
Q

verminous colitis

A

stronggylus vulgaris , Dilatation, swelling and thrombotic debris in the aorta and cranial mesenteric aorta in the horse.

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11
Q

severe gastroenteritis with neutropenia in young kittens

A

feline panleukopenia with three D depression , dehydration and diarrhea a cerebellar form od this disease with intention and head tremor is seen in 10 to 14 days old kitten.

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12
Q

parasite cause catarrhal gastritis in horse

A

Habronema and Draschia megastoma

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13
Q

which worms causes equine instussesption

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata, other factors are enteritis , dietry changes, surgical trauma, other parasite

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14
Q

reportable viral diseases of cow

A

foot and mouth disease vesicular stomatitis

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15
Q

ear mites in dog and cat

A

otodectes cyanotes

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16
Q

raw fish in cat feed, disadvatnages?

A

it contain highb thiamine antagnosit which cause thiamine defeciciency which leads to cervical ventroflexion in cat.

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17
Q

best diet with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis

A

high calorie protein and high calorie diet

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18
Q

walking dandruff in rabbit

A

cheyletiella treatment : permethrin in dust for animal bedding

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19
Q

rabbit syphilis

A

treponema : dry crusty exudates around nostril , eyes and vulva.

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20
Q

piglet icteric and respiratory distress necropsy: white spots and scaring are visible on liver.diagnosis and treatment?

A

this is ascarid infection Treatment: Anthelmatics these scars are migratory parasite travel to the lungs. in heavy infestation, larva can cause pulmonary edema , consolidation, severe respiratory distress

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21
Q

diseases with condemnation of entire carcasses of cow for human

A

Bovine leukosis bovine tuberculosis downer cow

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22
Q

outbreak of disease in lambs with fever and lamness and swelling of joints. some lambs also have conjuctivtis. DX?

A

chlamydia psitaci

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23
Q

aglactia, polyarthritis and mastitis in goat DX?

A

Mycoplasma infection

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24
Q

equine degenrative myeloencephalopathy clincal signs?

A

symmatrical ataxia in all four limbs in younger horse 1-6 years old

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25
Q

cervical stenotic myelopathy

A

symmetrical tetrapresis and ataxia in 1 -3 years olf horses

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26
Q

occipitaloatlantoaxial malformation

A

Arabian foal often ataxic from birth

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27
Q

new tank syndrome for amphibian

A

buildup of ammonia because of lack of bacteria in tank. it takes 6 weeks for tank to have effeciciant bacterial flora to do metabolism of ammonia into nitrate and nitrie

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28
Q

old tank syndrome

A

build up of ammonia due mismanagement of tank

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29
Q

heartwater disease clinical signs

A

peracute: anima fall dead acute: fever, depression,Respiratory distress slowly develops along with nervous signs such as a hyperaesthesia, a high-stepping stiff gait, exaggerated blinking, and chewing movements

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30
Q

heartwater DX? and RX?

A

diagnosis is by necropsy and stained brain tissue treatment : oxytetracycline

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31
Q

heartwater vector

A

amblyoma tick

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32
Q

diseases caused by Dermacenter tick

A

Bebasia caballi in horse anaplasma marginale in cattle rocky mountain spotted fever by ricketsia ricketsi Q fever, taluremia

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33
Q

disease caused by face flies

A

eye worm mycoplasma bovis, one agent of IBR in bovine;

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34
Q

disease with elevated level of crotisol

A

cushing disease

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35
Q

vitamin C deficiency in guinea pig clinicial signs? TX?

A

anorexia, swollen joints, diarrhea and weakness Like people, guinea pigs lack the physical ability to manufacture their own vitamin C, and require an outside source of vitamin C in the form of vegetables and fruits TREATMETNT: 5 to 10 mg P/O or IM for two weeks

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36
Q

Vitamin E and selenium defeciency in guinea pig

A

Two other, similar syndromes in guinea pigs affect either the skeletal muscles (muscular dystrophy) or the myocardium and skeletal muscles (muscular degeneration and mineralization). These two conditions are associated with a vitamin E/selenium deficiency

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37
Q

Metastatic calcification in guinea pig

A

Metastatic calcification occurs most often in guinea pigs >1 year old. Clinically, animals present with muscle stiffness and failure to thrive. Mineralization may be confined to soft tissues around elbows and ribs. Mineral deposition may also be more widespread, involving lungs, heart, aorta, liver, kidneys, uterus, and sclera. Dietary factors such as a low-magnesium and high-phosphorus diet, and high calcium and/or high vitamin D intake have been implicated metastatic calcification most commonly in MALES

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38
Q

seroconversion?

A

increase in serum antibody in consecutive serum tests.

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39
Q

how to distinguish between stress induced hyperglycemia and diabetes induced in cats?

A

Measurement of fructosamine in cats can be helpful to distinguish stress-induced hyperglycemia from diabetes

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40
Q

treatment and diet in dogs and cat with diabetes mellitis

A

In dogs, treatment involves the use of insulin twice daily along with a change in diet (high in complex carbohydrates and fiber, low in fat) to help manage obesity and insulin resistance. In cats, initial treatment involves switching to a low-carbohydrate diet in conjunction with twice daily injections of a basal insulin

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41
Q

survival time of dog and cat with diabetes mellitis type 1

A

3 month

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42
Q

bacteria meningitis in calves clinicial sign, DX, DDX

A

The usual signs of meningitis are fever, hyperesthesia, neck rigidity, and painful paraspinal muscle spasms. lumboscaral CSF tap for diagnosis DDX nervous coccidiosis : which is in weaned calves of 3 to 5 month ages , no visual and comatose calf with neosporosis will be born with same symptoms as meningitis. but meningitis develop after sometime.

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43
Q

best fluid for replacement loss in patient

A

lactate ringer: balances electrolyte crystalloid solution the osmolality and concentration of sodium and chlorise are similar to plasma.it is used for metabolic acidosis and alkalnizing effect. 0.9%normal saline is also good but it has only sodium and chloride and it is more acidifying, used in metabolic alkalosis induced by vomiting

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44
Q

what percentage of cow with bovine leukosis titer develop lymphosarcoma?

A

less tha 5 percent develop lymphosarcoma in luymphnodes

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45
Q

brachyspira hyodsenterie, swine dysentry

A

mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea in pigs 6 to 20 weeks old

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46
Q

lawsona intracellularis in pigs

A

porcine proliferative enteritis growing finishing pigs and younger breeding pigs thickening of mucose of jejunum

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47
Q

clostridium type c diarrhea in piglet

A

hemorrhagic necrotizing diarrhea in 3 weeks old

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48
Q

shiga toxin producing Ecoli

A

watery diarrhea and vomiting in weaning piglets

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49
Q

Kidney Worm in swine

A

Infection of swine with the nematode worm Stephanurus dentatus.

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50
Q

cause of hyperthyroidism in cat

A

most of the time benign adenoma of thyroid gland

51
Q

schirmer test normal value

A

more than 15 mmhg less than 10 mmhg indicates KCS

52
Q

calf diphtheria causaative agent? clincialsigns?

A

necrotic lynryngitis fusobeacterium necroforum fever, cough, inspiratory dyspnea, and stridor oxyttetra and pencilin drug of choice

53
Q

male ferret and female ferret called?

A

male ferret hob female ferret jili

54
Q

which vaccines are associated sarcoma

A

feline leukemia vaccine and rabies rabies feline lukemia: lower stifle lateral and left hindlimb rabies lower stifle, lateral and right hind limb

55
Q

finding of nephrotic syndrome

A

hypoalbuenima hypocholesteremia edema proteinuria

56
Q

lymphangectasia

A

dilated lymph vessel

57
Q

pathognomic characteristic of ostertagia

A

nodules on abomasum (cobble stone or morocon leather) are pathognomic for ostertagia infestation

58
Q

equine herpes virus infection

A

foal have respiratory infection, conjuctivitis, nasal discharge, submandibular edema and mare has late term abortion it indicate equine herpes virus infection, equine rhenopneumonitis

59
Q

treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy

A

3D diet low sal diuretics furesomide vasoDilatror: enalpril pimobendan isi used to improve contractility

60
Q

drug of choice for dermatophysis for dog

A

Terbinafine ,30-40mg/kg 24 hr dx: fungal culture and skin scale

61
Q

Exudative Epidermitis causative agent? clinical signs? DX?

A

generalized staphylococcal infection that affects young pigs. The first signs of exudative epidermitis are listlessness and reddening of the skin in one or more piglets in the litter. Affected pigs rapidly become depressed and refuse to eat. Body temperature may increase early in the disease but thereafter is near normal. The skin thickens, and reddish brown spots (macules) appear around the eyes, nose, lips, and ears from which serum and sebum exude. The lesions increase in size and develop a vesicular or pustular appearance Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and confirmed by bacterial culture of lesion

62
Q

likely cause of coughing in yearly cattle in pasture in summer and fall

A

dictycalus viviparous in cattle and D. arnfieldi in horses diagnosis is by finding larvae in the eggs

63
Q

antimicrobial used for anaerobes

A

cephalexin, chloramphenicol and clindamycin

64
Q

immune mediated thrombocytopenia

A

normal aPTT and PT low platelets increased bleeding time

65
Q

botulism in foal, clinical signs?

A

shaker foal syndrome progressive symmetric motor paralysis including stilted gait, muscular tremor and recumbency

66
Q

fluid of choice for a urethral obstruction patient

A

animal with urethral obstruction shows hyperkalemic , hypchloremic and hyponatrimic, so best choise is normal saline. avoid any fluid which has high potasium such as lactate ringer and nomasol

67
Q

flabbt bag mastitis or milk drop syndrome caused by

A

leptospira causse this because it cause rapid decrease in milk priductiuon that udder becomes soft and flabby

68
Q

tetrology of felot prediposition and clinicial finding

A

bulldog, keeshond, wirehaired foxterrier with cyanosis and excercise intolerance

69
Q

per acute colic, hemorrhagic diarrhea and neurologic signs and suddent death in fast growing calves

A

enterotoxaemia caused by clostridium type c

70
Q

E.coli diarrhea in calves classic presentation

A

less than 5 days old multiple cases

71
Q

rotavirus diarrhea in calves

A

5 d to 2 weeks , self limiting , multiple calves

72
Q

coronavirus diarrhea in calves

A

4 to 30 days age, multiple calves

73
Q

cryptosporidia diarrhea

A

diarrhea , tenesmus emaciation

74
Q

what condition of PH develops in right and left abomasum displacement ?

A

hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis A mild metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia and hypokalemia are common. The hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis is due to abomasal hypomotility, continued secretion of hydrochloric acid into the abomasum, and the partial abomasal outflow obstruction, with sequestration of chloride in the abomasum and reflux into the rumen. Hypokalemia is due to decreased intake of feeds high in potassium, sequestration of potassium in the abomasum, and dehydration

75
Q

cahracteristic ping sound can be heard between which ribs? LEFT and right displaced abomasum?

A

The ping (detected during simultaneous percussion and auscultation) characteristic of an LDA is most commonly located in an area between ribs 9 and 13 in the middle to upper third of the left abdomen; however, the ping can be more ventral or more caudal, or both. The ping associated with RDA also is most commonly located in the area between ribs 10 and 13 on the right abdomen.

76
Q

direction of abomasum volvulous? clinicial signs ?

A

counterclockwise direction from behind . In AV, anorexia is complete, milk production is more markedly and progressively reduced, and clinical deterioration is rapid very high heart rate, subnormal rectal temperature (shock), severe dehydration indicate abomasal volvulus

77
Q

cause of swollen eyes in pet turtles, allegator and other reptiles

A

vitamin A deficiency

78
Q

E.COLI IN PIGS

A

EDEMA disease marked swelling in eyes and periorbital fossa, forhead and submandibular edema weaning piglet died peracutely

79
Q

two orgnanism cause early mortality and infertility in cows?

A

campylobacteria trichomonas

80
Q

pathogen causing bacteria that considered to be contagious

A

mycoplasma bovis and streptococcus agalactiae, strept.dysglactiase, staph aureus, corynebacterium bovis,

81
Q

scaly leg and scaly face in budgerigar bird

A

cnemidocoptes pilae RX. ivermectin orally or tropically

82
Q

how to measure the quantitaive immune response to virus

A

by measuring serum titer. it is the most specific way to measure the response of antibodies to virus

83
Q

thrombembolic menengioencephalitis

A

histophilus somni history of recent feedlot entery high fever, respiratory, CNS and septic joins signs all indicated this disease

84
Q

CAUSEs of atopic rhinitis

A

dust , high ammonia, bartodella bronchoseptica, Pasteurella multoceda

85
Q

clinical signs of atopic rhinitis

A

Acute signs, which usually appear at 3–8 wk of age, include sneezing, coughing, and inflammation of the lacrimal duct. In more severe cases, nasal hemorrhage may occur. The lacrimal ducts may become occluded, and tear stains then appear below the medial canthi of the eyes. Some severely affected pigs may develop lateral deviation or shortening of the upper jaw, whereas others may suffer some degree of turbinate atrophy with no apparent outward distortion. The degree of distortion can be judged from the relationship of the upper and lower incisors if breed variations are considered. In addition to the above clinical signs, outbreaks frequently impair growth rate and feed conversion

86
Q

Mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs? clinical signs

A

Mycoplasmal pneumonia is a chronic, clinically mild, infectious pneumonia of pigs, characterized by its ability to become endemic in a herd and to produce a persistent dry cough, retarded growth rate, sporadic “flare-ups” of overt respiratory distress, and a high incidence of lung lesions in slaughter pigs. It occurs worldwide

87
Q

pleuropnemonia in pigs

A

Onset is sudden, and in herds that have not been infected previously, spread is rapid. Some pigs may be found dead without having shown clinical signs. Respiratory distress is severe; there are “thumps,” and sometimes open-mouth breathing with a blood-stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge. Fever up to 107°F (41.5°C), anorexia, and reluctance to move are typical signs.

88
Q

treatment of ear mites otodectes canis

A

cleans the ear and apply acaricide

89
Q

chemical cauterizer to stop bleeding

A

silver nitrate

90
Q

how long nasogastric tube is compfortably placed in small animals

A

1 to 3 weeks

91
Q

coral snake bite clinical signs and pit viper bite

A

hemolysis, lower motor neuron paralysis,mental depression with coral snake bite pit viper: coagulopathy and rapid swelling

92
Q

white muscle disease

A

when dam are offered foraged deficient of selenium lambs are born to have white muscle disease. clinical signs include: hunched gait, heart irregularities

93
Q

when embryo are collected after ovulution in mare

A

after 7 to 8 days

94
Q

ventricular fibrillation on ECG

A

no P waves no recognizable QRS complex continuous chaotic bizarre positive and negative oscillation

95
Q

difference between small and large bowl diarrhea

A

Small intestinal and large intestinal diarrhea have different causes, require different tests to diagnose and are treated differently. Small intestinal diseases result in a larger amount of stool passed with a mild increase in frequency; about 3 to 5 bowel movements per day. The pet doesn’t strain or have difficulty passing stool. Animals with small intestinal disease may also vomit and lose weight. Excess gas production is sometimes seen and you may hear the rumbling of gas in the belly. If there is blood in the stool it is digested and black in color. Disease of the large intestine including the colon and rectum cause the pet to pass small amounts of loose stool very often, usually more than 5 times daily. The pet strains to pass stool. If there is blood in the stool, it is red in color. The stool may be slimy with mucus. The pet does not usually vomit or lose weight with large bowel diarrhea.

96
Q

causes of small and large bowl diarrhea?

A

A sudden onset of small intestinal diarrhea may be caused by viruses including canine distemper, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, feline panleukopenia virus or feline coronavirus, in young, poorly vaccinated pets. Small intestinal diarrhea can be caused by bacteria such as salmonella, clostridia or campylobacter although these same bacteria can be found in the stool of normal dogs and cats Diarrhea of large intestinal origin can be caused by whipworms, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulcers or colonic cancer. Stress can cause large bowel diarrhea in excitable dogs

97
Q

rule of thumb for blood transfusion to increase PCV

A

A simple rule of thumb is that a transfusion of 20 mL/kg of whole blood or 10 mg/kg of packed RBCs will raise the Hct of the recipient by 10 points.

98
Q

other name of classic swine fever

A

Hog cholera classic sign: fever, septicemia and hemorrhagic lesion it is reportable disease it is clinically indistinguishable from african swine fever, both different virus causes

99
Q

Caused of virulent footrot

A

diclobacter nodosus along with fusobacterium necrophorum

100
Q

ollulanus tricuspis parasite and clinical signs

A

common in cat vomiting after eating because mild erosive gastritis in cat

101
Q

intermediate host of paragonimus kellikoti in dog and cat

A

lung fluke of doge and cat intermediate host of raw cray fish and snail.

102
Q

ascites syndrome in broilers

A

The most common cause of ascites is increased vascular hydraulic pressure in the venous system, which is most commonly caused by right ventricular failure (RVF), also associated with hepatic fibrosis. he ascites increases the respiratory rate and reduces exercise tolerance. Affected broilers frequently die on their backs.

103
Q

which organism is pathogenic if rabbit and guinepig are kept together

A

rabbit is carrier of bortodella bronchoseptics which is pathogenic and cause dyspnea and occulonasal discharge in guinepig. for this reason, both pet should not be kept together

104
Q

animal fed with cottonseed meal (which has high gossypol) , what should be given to inactivate gossypol toxicity

A

high protein, high iron and calcium hydroxide are protective against the gossypol

105
Q

tumor like stomach nodule and summer sore in horses which parasite?

A

Habronema

106
Q

salmonella typhimurium associated with what ocndition in pig?

A

rectal stricture in pigs

107
Q

which macrolids is contraindicated in pigs

A

Tilmicosin contraindicated , may be fatal if inject pigs or human accidently

108
Q

ostertagia and hemonchus

A

hemonchus cause these signs: anemia, hypoproteinemia , bottle jaw ostertagia:edematous abomasum, morocon leather appearance

109
Q

hypocalcemia in horse

A

synchornus diaphramgmatic flutter is the respiratory pattern in horse with stiff gait and sometimes horse is mild excitable treatment IV calcium

110
Q

causes of cervical ventroflexion in cat

A

thiamine deficiency, hypokalemia,and taurine deficiency

111
Q

white spot disease in fish

A

also called ich caused by obligatory parasite ichthiopthyrius multifilis formalin and copper sulfate every 2, 3 weeks

112
Q

Pediculosis

A

infestation of lice

113
Q

sea lice in salmon fish

A

serious damages to skin when in high number

114
Q

caprine arthritis encephalitis causative agent clinical signs

A

lentivirus, disease spread to kids by claustrum encephalomylities in kids with tetrapresis, weakness, ataxia, opisthotnous,circling in kids polysinvovitis in adults with swelling in joints and lamness, hard udder can also be seen in adults

115
Q

ambu bag purpose

A

self inflating ventilation system for emergency patient

116
Q

louping ill causative agent? transmission? clinical signs?

A

also called ovine encephalomuylities casused by flavvivirus, in sheep, transmitted by ixodes ticks e muscular tremors, nervous nibbling, ataxia (particularly of the hindlimbs), weakness, and collapse; death may occur 1–3 days after onset of signs. diagnosis is by histochemistry of brain it is zoonotic disease

117
Q

kusumaul breathing?

A

deep , laboured breathing in metaboic acidosis, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis

118
Q

cheyne stroke breathing ?

A

alternative tachypnea and bradypnea in inctracranial pressure

119
Q

Restrictive breathing

A

fast shallow breathing , in pleural effusion or rib fracture.

120
Q

hypersensitivity of which larvae cause summer sore in horses

A

habronema

121
Q

disease in human caused by Brucella melitences from small ruminant

A

malta fever from fetal or placental tissue, undercooked meat, cheeze, milk

122
Q

which is the most common displaced abomasum? what is difference

A

left abomasum displacemnet most common than right abomsum volvulus : animal appear sicker and dehydrated, if not corrected animal may die, abomasal omentopexy is the treatment

123
Q

difference between sarcoptes and chorioptes physical appearance?

A

sarcoptes: short legs with long unsegmented pedicile chorioptes: long legs with short unsegmented pedicle

vet.medicine.kh (4 decks)

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