veterinary Medicine. Flashcards
canine hyperthyroidism MC cause in canine
thyroid carcinoma
msot common congestive heart failure in dog
mitral valve regurgitation other causes includes dilated cardiomyopathy, heartworm
estrus induced aplastic anemia in ferret
pale skin swollen vulva in an unsprayed ferret
change in blood sample of horse associated with epinephrine
increased hematocrit dur to splenic contraction
fungal pneumonia in southwest USA
Coccidioides immmitis
organism cause fetal death, early abortion, immunotolerance, and persistent infection in bovine if it infects fetus before 125 days
Bovine viral diarrhea differential of this is trichomoniasis which cause early abortion before 125 days
pododermatitis in pig causes
bumble foot in Pigs because of obesity and wire cage floor
Fatal necrotic enteritis in piglets less than three days
clostridiuym perferingins type C affected piglet often have sudden diarrhea with sudden death
common ear mites in rabbit
Psoroptes caniculi ,serum and brown crusts in ear cheylitella also called walking dandruf also common in rabbit.
verminous colitis
stronggylus vulgaris , Dilatation, swelling and thrombotic debris in the aorta and cranial mesenteric aorta in the horse.
severe gastroenteritis with neutropenia in young kittens
feline panleukopenia with three D depression , dehydration and diarrhea a cerebellar form od this disease with intention and head tremor is seen in 10 to 14 days old kitten.
parasite cause catarrhal gastritis in horse
Habronema and Draschia megastoma
which worms causes equine instussesption
Anoplocephala perfoliata, other factors are enteritis , dietry changes, surgical trauma, other parasite
reportable viral diseases of cow
foot and mouth disease vesicular stomatitis
ear mites in dog and cat
otodectes cyanotes
raw fish in cat feed, disadvatnages?
it contain highb thiamine antagnosit which cause thiamine defeciciency which leads to cervical ventroflexion in cat.
best diet with idiopathic hepatic lipidosis
high calorie protein and high calorie diet
walking dandruff in rabbit
cheyletiella treatment : permethrin in dust for animal bedding
rabbit syphilis
treponema : dry crusty exudates around nostril , eyes and vulva.
piglet icteric and respiratory distress necropsy: white spots and scaring are visible on liver.diagnosis and treatment?
this is ascarid infection Treatment: Anthelmatics these scars are migratory parasite travel to the lungs. in heavy infestation, larva can cause pulmonary edema , consolidation, severe respiratory distress
diseases with condemnation of entire carcasses of cow for human
Bovine leukosis bovine tuberculosis downer cow
outbreak of disease in lambs with fever and lamness and swelling of joints. some lambs also have conjuctivtis. DX?
chlamydia psitaci
aglactia, polyarthritis and mastitis in goat DX?
Mycoplasma infection
equine degenrative myeloencephalopathy clincal signs?
symmatrical ataxia in all four limbs in younger horse 1-6 years old
cervical stenotic myelopathy
symmetrical tetrapresis and ataxia in 1 -3 years olf horses
occipitaloatlantoaxial malformation
Arabian foal often ataxic from birth
new tank syndrome for amphibian
buildup of ammonia because of lack of bacteria in tank. it takes 6 weeks for tank to have effeciciant bacterial flora to do metabolism of ammonia into nitrate and nitrie
old tank syndrome
build up of ammonia due mismanagement of tank
heartwater disease clinical signs
peracute: anima fall dead acute: fever, depression,Respiratory distress slowly develops along with nervous signs such as a hyperaesthesia, a high-stepping stiff gait, exaggerated blinking, and chewing movements
heartwater DX? and RX?
diagnosis is by necropsy and stained brain tissue treatment : oxytetracycline
heartwater vector
amblyoma tick
diseases caused by Dermacenter tick
Bebasia caballi in horse anaplasma marginale in cattle rocky mountain spotted fever by ricketsia ricketsi Q fever, taluremia
disease caused by face flies
eye worm mycoplasma bovis, one agent of IBR in bovine;
disease with elevated level of crotisol
cushing disease
vitamin C deficiency in guinea pig clinicial signs? TX?
anorexia, swollen joints, diarrhea and weakness Like people, guinea pigs lack the physical ability to manufacture their own vitamin C, and require an outside source of vitamin C in the form of vegetables and fruits TREATMETNT: 5 to 10 mg P/O or IM for two weeks
Vitamin E and selenium defeciency in guinea pig
Two other, similar syndromes in guinea pigs affect either the skeletal muscles (muscular dystrophy) or the myocardium and skeletal muscles (muscular degeneration and mineralization). These two conditions are associated with a vitamin E/selenium deficiency
Metastatic calcification in guinea pig
Metastatic calcification occurs most often in guinea pigs >1 year old. Clinically, animals present with muscle stiffness and failure to thrive. Mineralization may be confined to soft tissues around elbows and ribs. Mineral deposition may also be more widespread, involving lungs, heart, aorta, liver, kidneys, uterus, and sclera. Dietary factors such as a low-magnesium and high-phosphorus diet, and high calcium and/or high vitamin D intake have been implicated metastatic calcification most commonly in MALES
seroconversion?
increase in serum antibody in consecutive serum tests.
how to distinguish between stress induced hyperglycemia and diabetes induced in cats?
Measurement of fructosamine in cats can be helpful to distinguish stress-induced hyperglycemia from diabetes
treatment and diet in dogs and cat with diabetes mellitis
In dogs, treatment involves the use of insulin twice daily along with a change in diet (high in complex carbohydrates and fiber, low in fat) to help manage obesity and insulin resistance. In cats, initial treatment involves switching to a low-carbohydrate diet in conjunction with twice daily injections of a basal insulin
survival time of dog and cat with diabetes mellitis type 1
3 month
bacteria meningitis in calves clinicial sign, DX, DDX
The usual signs of meningitis are fever, hyperesthesia, neck rigidity, and painful paraspinal muscle spasms. lumboscaral CSF tap for diagnosis DDX nervous coccidiosis : which is in weaned calves of 3 to 5 month ages , no visual and comatose calf with neosporosis will be born with same symptoms as meningitis. but meningitis develop after sometime.
best fluid for replacement loss in patient
lactate ringer: balances electrolyte crystalloid solution the osmolality and concentration of sodium and chlorise are similar to plasma.it is used for metabolic acidosis and alkalnizing effect. 0.9%normal saline is also good but it has only sodium and chloride and it is more acidifying, used in metabolic alkalosis induced by vomiting
what percentage of cow with bovine leukosis titer develop lymphosarcoma?
less tha 5 percent develop lymphosarcoma in luymphnodes
brachyspira hyodsenterie, swine dysentry
mucoid hemorrhagic diarrhea in pigs 6 to 20 weeks old
lawsona intracellularis in pigs
porcine proliferative enteritis growing finishing pigs and younger breeding pigs thickening of mucose of jejunum
clostridium type c diarrhea in piglet
hemorrhagic necrotizing diarrhea in 3 weeks old
shiga toxin producing Ecoli
watery diarrhea and vomiting in weaning piglets
Kidney Worm in swine
Infection of swine with the nematode worm Stephanurus dentatus.
cause of hyperthyroidism in cat
most of the time benign adenoma of thyroid gland
schirmer test normal value
more than 15 mmhg less than 10 mmhg indicates KCS
calf diphtheria causaative agent? clincialsigns?
necrotic lynryngitis fusobeacterium necroforum fever, cough, inspiratory dyspnea, and stridor oxyttetra and pencilin drug of choice
male ferret and female ferret called?
male ferret hob female ferret jili
which vaccines are associated sarcoma
feline leukemia vaccine and rabies rabies feline lukemia: lower stifle lateral and left hindlimb rabies lower stifle, lateral and right hind limb
finding of nephrotic syndrome
hypoalbuenima hypocholesteremia edema proteinuria
lymphangectasia
dilated lymph vessel
pathognomic characteristic of ostertagia
nodules on abomasum (cobble stone or morocon leather) are pathognomic for ostertagia infestation
equine herpes virus infection
foal have respiratory infection, conjuctivitis, nasal discharge, submandibular edema and mare has late term abortion it indicate equine herpes virus infection, equine rhenopneumonitis
treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy
3D diet low sal diuretics furesomide vasoDilatror: enalpril pimobendan isi used to improve contractility
drug of choice for dermatophysis for dog
Terbinafine ,30-40mg/kg 24 hr dx: fungal culture and skin scale
Exudative Epidermitis causative agent? clinical signs? DX?
generalized staphylococcal infection that affects young pigs. The first signs of exudative epidermitis are listlessness and reddening of the skin in one or more piglets in the litter. Affected pigs rapidly become depressed and refuse to eat. Body temperature may increase early in the disease but thereafter is near normal. The skin thickens, and reddish brown spots (macules) appear around the eyes, nose, lips, and ears from which serum and sebum exude. The lesions increase in size and develop a vesicular or pustular appearance Diagnosis is based on clinical signs and confirmed by bacterial culture of lesion
likely cause of coughing in yearly cattle in pasture in summer and fall
dictycalus viviparous in cattle and D. arnfieldi in horses diagnosis is by finding larvae in the eggs
antimicrobial used for anaerobes
cephalexin, chloramphenicol and clindamycin
immune mediated thrombocytopenia
normal aPTT and PT low platelets increased bleeding time
botulism in foal, clinical signs?
shaker foal syndrome progressive symmetric motor paralysis including stilted gait, muscular tremor and recumbency
fluid of choice for a urethral obstruction patient
animal with urethral obstruction shows hyperkalemic , hypchloremic and hyponatrimic, so best choise is normal saline. avoid any fluid which has high potasium such as lactate ringer and nomasol
flabbt bag mastitis or milk drop syndrome caused by
leptospira causse this because it cause rapid decrease in milk priductiuon that udder becomes soft and flabby
tetrology of felot prediposition and clinicial finding
bulldog, keeshond, wirehaired foxterrier with cyanosis and excercise intolerance
per acute colic, hemorrhagic diarrhea and neurologic signs and suddent death in fast growing calves
enterotoxaemia caused by clostridium type c
E.coli diarrhea in calves classic presentation
less than 5 days old multiple cases
rotavirus diarrhea in calves
5 d to 2 weeks , self limiting , multiple calves
coronavirus diarrhea in calves
4 to 30 days age, multiple calves
cryptosporidia diarrhea
diarrhea , tenesmus emaciation
what condition of PH develops in right and left abomasum displacement ?
hyperchloremic metabolic alkalosis A mild metabolic alkalosis with hypochloremia and hypokalemia are common. The hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis is due to abomasal hypomotility, continued secretion of hydrochloric acid into the abomasum, and the partial abomasal outflow obstruction, with sequestration of chloride in the abomasum and reflux into the rumen. Hypokalemia is due to decreased intake of feeds high in potassium, sequestration of potassium in the abomasum, and dehydration
cahracteristic ping sound can be heard between which ribs? LEFT and right displaced abomasum?
The ping (detected during simultaneous percussion and auscultation) characteristic of an LDA is most commonly located in an area between ribs 9 and 13 in the middle to upper third of the left abdomen; however, the ping can be more ventral or more caudal, or both. The ping associated with RDA also is most commonly located in the area between ribs 10 and 13 on the right abdomen.
direction of abomasum volvulous? clinicial signs ?
counterclockwise direction from behind . In AV, anorexia is complete, milk production is more markedly and progressively reduced, and clinical deterioration is rapid very high heart rate, subnormal rectal temperature (shock), severe dehydration indicate abomasal volvulus
cause of swollen eyes in pet turtles, allegator and other reptiles
vitamin A deficiency
E.COLI IN PIGS
EDEMA disease marked swelling in eyes and periorbital fossa, forhead and submandibular edema weaning piglet died peracutely
two orgnanism cause early mortality and infertility in cows?
campylobacteria trichomonas
pathogen causing bacteria that considered to be contagious
mycoplasma bovis and streptococcus agalactiae, strept.dysglactiase, staph aureus, corynebacterium bovis,
scaly leg and scaly face in budgerigar bird
cnemidocoptes pilae RX. ivermectin orally or tropically
how to measure the quantitaive immune response to virus
by measuring serum titer. it is the most specific way to measure the response of antibodies to virus
thrombembolic menengioencephalitis
histophilus somni history of recent feedlot entery high fever, respiratory, CNS and septic joins signs all indicated this disease
CAUSEs of atopic rhinitis
dust , high ammonia, bartodella bronchoseptica, Pasteurella multoceda
clinical signs of atopic rhinitis
Acute signs, which usually appear at 3–8 wk of age, include sneezing, coughing, and inflammation of the lacrimal duct. In more severe cases, nasal hemorrhage may occur. The lacrimal ducts may become occluded, and tear stains then appear below the medial canthi of the eyes. Some severely affected pigs may develop lateral deviation or shortening of the upper jaw, whereas others may suffer some degree of turbinate atrophy with no apparent outward distortion. The degree of distortion can be judged from the relationship of the upper and lower incisors if breed variations are considered. In addition to the above clinical signs, outbreaks frequently impair growth rate and feed conversion
Mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs? clinical signs
Mycoplasmal pneumonia is a chronic, clinically mild, infectious pneumonia of pigs, characterized by its ability to become endemic in a herd and to produce a persistent dry cough, retarded growth rate, sporadic “flare-ups” of overt respiratory distress, and a high incidence of lung lesions in slaughter pigs. It occurs worldwide
pleuropnemonia in pigs
Onset is sudden, and in herds that have not been infected previously, spread is rapid. Some pigs may be found dead without having shown clinical signs. Respiratory distress is severe; there are “thumps,” and sometimes open-mouth breathing with a blood-stained, frothy nasal and oral discharge. Fever up to 107°F (41.5°C), anorexia, and reluctance to move are typical signs.
treatment of ear mites otodectes canis
cleans the ear and apply acaricide
chemical cauterizer to stop bleeding
silver nitrate
how long nasogastric tube is compfortably placed in small animals
1 to 3 weeks
coral snake bite clinical signs and pit viper bite
hemolysis, lower motor neuron paralysis,mental depression with coral snake bite pit viper: coagulopathy and rapid swelling
white muscle disease
when dam are offered foraged deficient of selenium lambs are born to have white muscle disease. clinical signs include: hunched gait, heart irregularities
when embryo are collected after ovulution in mare
after 7 to 8 days
ventricular fibrillation on ECG
no P waves no recognizable QRS complex continuous chaotic bizarre positive and negative oscillation
difference between small and large bowl diarrhea
Small intestinal and large intestinal diarrhea have different causes, require different tests to diagnose and are treated differently. Small intestinal diseases result in a larger amount of stool passed with a mild increase in frequency; about 3 to 5 bowel movements per day. The pet doesn’t strain or have difficulty passing stool. Animals with small intestinal disease may also vomit and lose weight. Excess gas production is sometimes seen and you may hear the rumbling of gas in the belly. If there is blood in the stool it is digested and black in color. Disease of the large intestine including the colon and rectum cause the pet to pass small amounts of loose stool very often, usually more than 5 times daily. The pet strains to pass stool. If there is blood in the stool, it is red in color. The stool may be slimy with mucus. The pet does not usually vomit or lose weight with large bowel diarrhea.
causes of small and large bowl diarrhea?
A sudden onset of small intestinal diarrhea may be caused by viruses including canine distemper, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, feline panleukopenia virus or feline coronavirus, in young, poorly vaccinated pets. Small intestinal diarrhea can be caused by bacteria such as salmonella, clostridia or campylobacter although these same bacteria can be found in the stool of normal dogs and cats Diarrhea of large intestinal origin can be caused by whipworms, polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, colonic ulcers or colonic cancer. Stress can cause large bowel diarrhea in excitable dogs
rule of thumb for blood transfusion to increase PCV
A simple rule of thumb is that a transfusion of 20 mL/kg of whole blood or 10 mg/kg of packed RBCs will raise the Hct of the recipient by 10 points.
other name of classic swine fever
Hog cholera classic sign: fever, septicemia and hemorrhagic lesion it is reportable disease it is clinically indistinguishable from african swine fever, both different virus causes
Caused of virulent footrot
diclobacter nodosus along with fusobacterium necrophorum
ollulanus tricuspis parasite and clinical signs
common in cat vomiting after eating because mild erosive gastritis in cat
intermediate host of paragonimus kellikoti in dog and cat
lung fluke of doge and cat intermediate host of raw cray fish and snail.
ascites syndrome in broilers
The most common cause of ascites is increased vascular hydraulic pressure in the venous system, which is most commonly caused by right ventricular failure (RVF), also associated with hepatic fibrosis. he ascites increases the respiratory rate and reduces exercise tolerance. Affected broilers frequently die on their backs.
which organism is pathogenic if rabbit and guinepig are kept together
rabbit is carrier of bortodella bronchoseptics which is pathogenic and cause dyspnea and occulonasal discharge in guinepig. for this reason, both pet should not be kept together
animal fed with cottonseed meal (which has high gossypol) , what should be given to inactivate gossypol toxicity
high protein, high iron and calcium hydroxide are protective against the gossypol
tumor like stomach nodule and summer sore in horses which parasite?
Habronema
salmonella typhimurium associated with what ocndition in pig?
rectal stricture in pigs
which macrolids is contraindicated in pigs
Tilmicosin contraindicated , may be fatal if inject pigs or human accidently
ostertagia and hemonchus
hemonchus cause these signs: anemia, hypoproteinemia , bottle jaw ostertagia:edematous abomasum, morocon leather appearance
hypocalcemia in horse
synchornus diaphramgmatic flutter is the respiratory pattern in horse with stiff gait and sometimes horse is mild excitable treatment IV calcium
causes of cervical ventroflexion in cat
thiamine deficiency, hypokalemia,and taurine deficiency
white spot disease in fish
also called ich caused by obligatory parasite ichthiopthyrius multifilis formalin and copper sulfate every 2, 3 weeks
Pediculosis
infestation of lice
sea lice in salmon fish
serious damages to skin when in high number
caprine arthritis encephalitis causative agent clinical signs
lentivirus, disease spread to kids by claustrum encephalomylities in kids with tetrapresis, weakness, ataxia, opisthotnous,circling in kids polysinvovitis in adults with swelling in joints and lamness, hard udder can also be seen in adults
ambu bag purpose
self inflating ventilation system for emergency patient
louping ill causative agent? transmission? clinical signs?
also called ovine encephalomuylities casused by flavvivirus, in sheep, transmitted by ixodes ticks e muscular tremors, nervous nibbling, ataxia (particularly of the hindlimbs), weakness, and collapse; death may occur 1–3 days after onset of signs. diagnosis is by histochemistry of brain it is zoonotic disease
kusumaul breathing?
deep , laboured breathing in metaboic acidosis, renal failure, diabetic ketoacidosis
cheyne stroke breathing ?
alternative tachypnea and bradypnea in inctracranial pressure
Restrictive breathing
fast shallow breathing , in pleural effusion or rib fracture.
hypersensitivity of which larvae cause summer sore in horses
habronema
disease in human caused by Brucella melitences from small ruminant
malta fever from fetal or placental tissue, undercooked meat, cheeze, milk
which is the most common displaced abomasum? what is difference
left abomasum displacemnet most common than right abomsum volvulus : animal appear sicker and dehydrated, if not corrected animal may die, abomasal omentopexy is the treatment
difference between sarcoptes and chorioptes physical appearance?
sarcoptes: short legs with long unsegmented pedicile chorioptes: long legs with short unsegmented pedicle
