Veterinary drugs Flashcards
What is an adsorbent drug? Give a common example used in the treatment of diarrhoea.
One which attracts to toxins to it. E.G Kaolin
What is meant by the term anabolism?
Anabolism is the building and organising of complex structures from simple molecules. E.G gluconeogenesis.
What is meant by the term catabolism?
Catabolism is the opposite of anabolism– the breaking down of complex structures into smaller ones. E.G glycolysis
What is an example of an anabolic hormone?
- estrogen
- insulin
- growth hormone
- testosterone
What are examples of catabolic hormones?
- adrenaline
- cortisol
- cytokines
- glucagon
What properties do local and general anaesthetic share?
- Reversible
2. insensitivity to pain
What term describes drugs that stimulate the cerebral and medullary centres of the brain?
Analeptics
What are the drugs that possess masculinising properties called?
androgens
What are the drugs that have a neutralising effect upon the hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
antacids e.g antipepsin and zantac
Antibiotics usually act upon bacteria, but on what other micro-organism might they have an effect?
Fungi
Difference between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum antibiotics?
Broad spectrum antibiotics act on both gram positive and gram negative staining bacteria, whilst narrow spectrum antibiotics act on one or the other.
Give 2 examples of the use of heparin; an anticoagulant drug.
- To prevent a blood sample (for biochemistry) from clotting.
- As an intravenous injection to treat thrombosis.
What is heparin?
an anticoagulant drug.
What is the name of a substance that reduces the volume of urine excreted?
antidiuretic
antifungal drugs kill or stop the growth of fungi. By what other name might they be known?
Antimycotics
What condition is commonly treated with antipyretics?
High temperatures, but not heat stroke
Give an example of an antisialagogue commonly used as a premedicant drug and explain its use
Atropine; antisialagogues decrease the amount of salivation, thus making them particularly useful in cases such as dentals.
What are antitissusives used to treat?
Antitussives are used to treat respiratory infections and they work by suppressing the cough mechanism. E.G codeine
Astringent drugs precipitate protein upon application to the skin or mucous membranes to produce a protective coating. Give 2 examples.
Silver nitrate (skin/claws). Tannic acid (intestine).
What drugs cause expulsion of gas from the stomach?
Carminatives
What are cytoxic drugs also known as?
antimyotics
For what purpose are demulcents employed?
Demulcents are agents that soothe and allay irritation, especially of sensitive mucous membranes.
Give an example of a common diuretic drug and explain when its use might be indicated.
Frusemide (Lasix) is probably the most common diuretic used in practice. It is used to increase the volume of urine produced.
Oxytocic drugs stimulate uterine contractions; by what other name are these drugs known?
Ecbolic drugs.
what are purgatives also known as?
cathartics.
What is the difference between a miotic and a mydriatic drug?
Miotic drugs cause constriction of the pupil (used in the treatment of glaucoma), whereas mydriatics cause dilation of the pupil.
What is the difference between a sedative and a tranquilliser?
A sedative has calming effects which may be soporific (causing drowsiness), whilst tranquillisers reduce anxiety without causing the patient to become sleepy.
What is a vaccine?
Suspension of killed or attenuated organisms administered for the prevention or treatment of diseases.
