Vaccines Flashcards
What is the difference between a live vaccine and an inactivated vaccine?
A live vaccine consists of non-pathogenic living organisms of a slightly different strain from the disease-causing organisms, whereas an inactivated vaccine contains antigens.
Give 1 advantage of live vaccines over inactivated vaccines.
Live vaccines are longer lasting than inactivated vaccines.
Give 1 advantage of inactivated vaccines over live vaccines.
Inactivated vaccines are safer, more stable and therefore easier to use.
What is a toxoid vaccine?
protein based toxin rendered harmless and used as an antigen
What is an autogenous vaccine?
An autogenous vaccine is prepared from material collected from the animal to which the vaccine is to be administered. Autogenous means generated within the body and not acquired from external sources.
How does a vaccine work?
Vaccines mimic natural infections as closely as possible without producing pathological signs. This stimulates the immune system thus giving protection
What is passive immunity?
Passive immunity is that derived from maternal immunoglobulins in cholostrum or from an injection of antibodies or antiserum.
What is active immunity?
Active immunity is that derived from either the body’s natural response to antigens from infectious diseases or an artificial response to toxins or toxoids
What are the core vaccinations for dogs?
- Canine distemper
- Canine parvovirus
- Canine Adenovirus/Infectious Canine Hepatitis
- Leptospirosis
What are the core vaccinations for cats?
- Feline enteritis
* cat flu (calici virus and herpes virus)
What are the core vaccinations for rabbits?
- Myxomatosis
* Rabbit Viral Haemorrhagic Disease (RHD) caused by RHDV-1 and RHDV-2
What are the non-core vaccinations for dogs?
- Rabies
- Canine herpes virus
- Bordetella bronchiseptica +/- Canine parainfluenza virus (“Kennel Cough” vaccine)
- Leishmaniasis
- Borrelia burgodorferi (Lyme disease)
What are the non-core vaccinations for cats?
- Feline leukaemia vaccine (this may be considered a core vaccine for all cats go outdoors or are in contact with cats which go outdoors).
- Chlamydophila felis (Chlamydia)
- Rabies
- Bordetella bronchiseptica
What is a killed or inactive vaccine?
Biological preparations which contain microbes or parts of microbes which have been killed or weakened to strengthen immunity
What are the two parts vaccines contain?
antigens and adjuvants
