VETA 101 - General Arthrology Flashcards
1
Q
Formed by the union of two or more bones by fibrous, elastic or cartilaginous tissue or a combination of these tissues?
A
Articulation or joint
2
Q
- Bone segments are united by a fibrous tissue
in such a manner as to preclude movement? - There is NO JOINT CAVITY
A
Synarthrosis (Fibrous joint)
3
Q
3 classes in synarthrosis?
A
Sutures
Syndesmoses
Gomphoses
4
Q
- A fibrous joint that is largely confined in the bones of the skull?
A
Sutures
5
Q
Depending on the shape of the apposed edges,
sutures can be divided into:
A
Serrate suture (sutura serrata)
Squamous sutures (sutura squama)
Plane sutures (sutura plana)
Foliate suture (sutura foliata)
6
Q
- Articulates by means of a reciprocally alternating processes and depressions?
- Found where stable and non
compressible joints are needed
A
Serrate suture (sutura serrata)
7
Q
- Articulates by overlapping or reciprocally beveled edges
- Slight degree of compressibility is advantageous?
A
Squamous sutures (sutura squama)
8
Q
Bones meet at essentially right angled
edge or surface?
A
Plane sutures (sutura plana)
9
Q
The edge of the bone fits into a fisure or recess of another bone?
A
Foliate suture (sutura foliata)
10
Q
- The connecting medium is a white fibrous or elastic tissue or a combination?
A
Syndesmosis
11
Q
In advancing age of animals, there is ossification of the connective tissue. The
process is known as?
A
Syntosis
12
Q
- This term is applied to the
attachment of teeth in the
alveoli. - The periodontal ligament is a
specialized fibrous joint that
attaches the enamel of the
tooth to the alveolar bone of
the socket.
A
Gomphosis
13
Q
–Union of this type maybe formed by a
fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage or a
combination of the two.
Classified as: Synchondrosis (Hyaline cartilage joint) and Symphysis (Fibrocartilagenous joints)
A
Cartilaginous joints (ampiarthrosis)
14
Q
- It is sometimes called primary cartilagneous joints
- Usually temporary and represent
persistent parts of the fetal skeleton or secondary cartilages of growing bones.
A
Synchondrosis (hyaline c.j.)
15
Q
- Sometimes called secondary cartilaginous joints or ampiarthrosis
- Fibrocartilages in between the contiguous bones may ossify.
A
- Symphysis (fibrocartilagenous joints)
16
Q
- These are true joints in the extremities that provide greatest degree of movement.
- More commonly involved in dislocations.
A
Synovial joint (diarthrosis)
17
Q
- It is a tube attached around the articulating surface.
- Also known as the capsular ligament.
A
Joint or articular capsule
18
Q
It is composed of white fibrous tissue containing yellow elastic fibers.
A
Fibrous membrane
19
Q
Thickenings of the fibrous layer of the joint?
A
Collateral ligaments
20
Q
- It is usually hyaline cartilage.
- It covers the articular surface of the bones.
- Its deepest part maybe calcified.
- Contains no nerves or blood vessels but capable of regeneration to some extent after an injury or removal.
A
Articular cartilage
21
Q
- These are plates of fibrocartilages or dense tissues placed between the articular cartilages.
- They divide the joint into compartments partially or completely.
- Only the stifle and and temporomandibular joints in the dogs posses this.
A
Articular disc/menisci
22
Q
- A ring of fibrocartilage that encircles the rim of an articular cavity.
- It enlarges cavity and tends to prevent fractures of the margin.
A
Marginal cartilages
23
Q
- It is formed by a special dense bone.
- Smooth and vary much in form.
A
Articular surface
24
Q
- Cord or band nearly pure collagenous tissue that connects two or more bones.
- Also used to designate remnants of fetal structure and relatively avascular narrow serous membrane connections.
A
Ligaments
25
It is formed by two articular surfaces within an articular capsule.
Simple (synovial joints)
26
More than two articular surfaces are enclosed within the same capsule.
Compound (synovial joints)
27
- Articular surfaces are essentially flat.
- Gliding movement
Plane joint
28
It is formed by a convex hemispherical head which fits into a shallow glenoid cavity or deep cotyloid cavity.
Ball-and-socket joint
29
- Similar to spheroidal joint (ball-and socket)
- Characterized by elongation of one surface at right angle to the other forming an ellipse.
Ellipsoidal joint
30
- Permits flexion and extension with a limited degree of rotation.
- Most movable surface of a hinge joint is concave.
Hinge joint
31
Like a hinge joint but the articular surfaces of the joint include rounded prominences or condyles which fits into the reciprocal depressions or condyles on the adjacent bone resulting in two articular surfaces usually included in one joint capsule.
Condylar joint
32
- Movement is around a longitudinal axis and encircles a pivot.
Trochoid joint/pivot joint
33
- The surfaces are reciprocally saddle shaped or concavoconvex
- Capable of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and circumduction
Saddle joint
34
Denotes moving of bones so that the angle between them becomes less than 180 degrees.
Flexion (folding)
35
Denotes movement by which the angle of the joint increases to 180 degrees.
Extension (straightening)
36
- Applied to moving an extremity toward the median plane or a digit towards the axis of the limb.
Adduction
37
- Taking away or the opposite movement of adduction.
Abduction
38
- Form of motion in which the bone is made to circumscribed a conical space.
Circumduction
39
Movement of a part along its long axis.
Rotation
40
Formed by the junction of the distal end of the scapula and proximal end of the humerus?
Humeral/shoulder
41
It is formed between the distal extremity of the humerus and proximal extremity of the radius and ulna.
Cubital/elbow
42
Formed by the distal end of the radius (radiocarpal) and ulna (ulnocarpal) and the proximal row of the carpus.
Antebrachiocarpal/Radial carpal
43
It is formed between the two rows of the carpal bones.
Intercarpal
44
It is formed by the distal rows of the carpal bones and proximal extremities of the metacarpal bones.
Carpometacarpal
45
It is formed by the distal row of the 3rd or large metacarpal bone and proximal extremity of the proximal phalanx and proximal sesamoid bones?
Fetlock/metacarpophalangeal
46
Formed by the junction of the distal end of the proximal phalanx and the proximal end of the middle phalanx?
Pastern/proximal interphalangeal
47
It is formed by the junction of the distal end of the proximal phalanx and the proximal end of the middle phalanx?
Pastern/proximal interphalangeal
48
It is formed by the junction of the middle and distal phalanx and the distal sesamoid bone.
Coffin/distal interphalangeal
49
Joint formed by the articular surfaces of the sacrum and the ilium?
Sacroiliac articulation
50
Formed by the articulation of the proximal end of the femur and the acetabulum?
Coxal articulation/hip joint
51
It corresponds to the knee joint of man. Largest and most elaborate of the articulations
Genual articulation/stifle joint
52
Formed between the trochlea of the
femur and the articulate surface of the patella?
Femoropatellar
53
Formed between the condyles of the
femur, proximal end of the tibia and the interposed semilunar cartilages or articular menisci?
Femorotibial
54
It is formed by the head of the tibia articulating with a crescentic facet just distal to the outer margin of the lateral condyle of the tibia.
Proximal tibiofibular articulation
55
It is a composite joint made up of several articulations
Tarsal joint or hock joint
56
- Ginglymus formed by the trochlea of the talus
and the articular surface of the distal tibia. The trochlear surface is about twice as extensive as that on the tibia?
Tarsocrural articulation
57
Formed between the talus and the proximal
rows of tarsal bones?
Proximal intertarsal joint
58
Formed between the two rows of the tarsal
bones.
Distal intertarsal joint
59
It is formed between the distal row of the tarsal bones and the proximal end of the metatarsal bones?
Tarsometatarsal
60
