VETA 101 - Dog Bones Flashcards
1
Q
Study of structure of living organisms?
A
ANATOMY
2
Q
Study of the anatomy of the principal domesticated animals?
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Veterinary Anatomy
3
Q
Study of structures that can be dissected and observed with an unaided eye or with a hand lens
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Macroscopic or Gross Anatomy
4
Q
The study of structures too small to be seen without a light microscope?
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Microscopic Anatomy or Histology
5
Q
The study of deviation from the normal, where animal becomes diseased or the organs function improperly?
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Pathological Anatomy
6
Q
The study of development of an individual from fertilization to birth?
A
Embryology
7
Q
Study of a development from zygote to the adult?
A
Developmental Anatomy
8
Q
The study of abnormal devlopment?
A
Teratology
9
Q
The study of structures in relation to other parts of the body?
A
Topographical anatomy
10
Q
The study of organ systems that are closely related or of similar origin?
A
Systematic Anatomy
11
Q
The practical application of the knowledge in diagnosis and treatment?
A
Applied Anatomy
12
Q
The study of bones and cartilages?
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Osteology
13
Q
The study of joints and ligaments?
A
Syndesmology
14
Q
The study of muscles and accessory structures?
A
Myology
15
Q
The study of viscera (digestive, respiratory, urogenital, peritoneum and ductless glands)
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Splanchnology
16
Q
The study of organs of circulation (heart, arteries, veins, lymphatics and spleen)
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Angiology
17
Q
The study of the nervous system?
A
Neurology
17
Q
The study of organs which relate the individual to the environment?
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Sense organ
18
Q
The study of the protective envelope of the body (skin) and all of its related structures (mammary gland, hooves, claws)
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Common integument
19
Q
- Forms the outer shell of skeletal parts
- Forms the shaft of long bones
- Differs in thickness, conforms to the stress and strain to which the bone is subjected
A
Compact/Dense bone
20
Q
Largely calcified interstitial substance
A
Bone matrix
21
Q
It consists of bony plates and spicules which run in various directions. It also forms the bulk of short bones and in variable distance along shaft of long bones.
A
Cancellous/Spongy bone
22
Q
Connective tissue that covers the non articular
outer surface of the bone?
A
Periosteum
23
Q
It lines the e medullary cavity and the nutrient
canals of the bone? It is similar to periosteum but thinner.
A
Endosteum
24
Covers the articular margin of the articular cartilages. It is histologically similar to
periosteum.
Perichondrium
25
- Lining of paranasal sinuses and contains
mucous cells.
- Covering of bones that participate in forming boundaries of the respiratory or digestive system. It lines all of the paranasal sinuses and contains mucous cells.
Mucoperiosteum
26
Osseous bulge in site of injury
Exostoses
27
Bone-forming cells
Osteoblast
28
Living tissues, unlike cartilages, has both arterial and nervous supples.
Blood vessels and nerves
29
It enters the nutrient foramen.
Nutrient artery
30
Pass thru the compact substance and supply the marrow and the spongy bone.
Medullary arteries and veins
31
- It supplies the periosteum and the compact substance.
- The arteries and veins reach the Haversian or
nutrient canal of the compact bones thru the
Volkmann’s canal.
Periosteal arteries and veins
32
- It has a hollow cavity called medullary cavity.
- It possesses great tensile strength
Long bones
33
It is an area of growing cartilage (epiphyseal growth plate). Calcified in mature animals.
Epiphysis
34
- It is confined to carpal and tarsal bones.
- Typically cuboidal
Short bones
35
- It is present near moving joints.
- Formed in tendons but may be developed in the ligamentous tissues over which the tendons pass.
Sesamoid bones
36
- Limbs or girdles (scapula, bones of the face)
- Serve as muscle attachments
Flat bones
37
Interosseous space in some flat bones in the skull.
Paranasal sinuses
38
Bones of the flat bones without medullary cavity are consists of outer and inner tables of compact bone and an intermediate uniting spongy bone.
Diploe
39
- Bones of the vertebral column
- 4 parts of the hip bone (os coxae)
- Protects the spinal cord, gives rigidity to thoracic and abdominal organs.
Irregular bones
40
- Acts as a suspensory mechanism for the tongue and larynx.
Bones of the Hyoid Apparatus
41
- Transverse, unpaired bone in the musculature of the base of the tongue
- Its extremities articulate with both the thyrohoid and the ceratohyoid bones.
Basihyoid
42
- Extend dorsocaudally from the basihyoid to articulate with the cranial cornu of the thyroid
cartilage of the larynx.
- Laterally bowed, sagittally compressed, slender bone
Thyrohoid
43
- A small, short, tapered rod having a distal extremity that is approximately twice as large as its proximal extremity.
- The proximal extremity, which points nearly rostrally in life, articulates with the epihyoid at a right angle.
Ceratohyoid
44
- Approximately parallel to the thyrohyoid bone.
- Articulates with the ceratohyoid at nearly a right angle distally and with the stylohyoid proximally without any angulation.
Epihyoid
45
- It is flattened slightly craniocaudally
and is distinctly bowed toward the
median plane.
- Slightly longer than the epihyoid,
with which it articulates.
Stylohyoid
46
- A small cartilaginous bar that continues the proximal end of the stylohyoid to the inconspicuous mastoid process of the skull.
Tympanohyoid Cartilage
47
- It is made up of a pedicle basally and a flattened lamina dorsally.
Arch of the vertebra
48
It is bounded by the cranial and caudal vertebral notches of the vertebra of the same and preceding segments.
Intervertebral foramina
49
It is short, blunt, and irregular.
Transverse processes
50
All contain ________ for articulation with the tubercules of the ribs.
Foveae
51
Small, knoblike eminences that project dorsally from the transverse processes.
Mamillary processess/metapophyses
52
It appears first in the midthoracic region and are located on succeeding segments as far caudally as the fifth or sixth lumbar vertebra.
Accessory processes/anapophyses
53
- Located at the junctions of the pedicles and the laminae.
Articular processes
54
- 1st cervical vertebra
- Chief peculiarities: specially modifies articular process, wing-like lateral expansion and lacks spinous process.
Atlas
55
- 2nd cervical vertebra
- Longest cervical vertebra
- Spinous process is blade-like that extends caudally
Axis
56
Odontoid process cranioventral eminence.
Dens
57
It is the expanded sagittal platelike transverse processes
Lamina ventralis
58
- highest spinous process
6th cervical vertebra
59
_____ thoracic vertebra?
13
60
It is the transitional segment of the thoracolumbar region.
Anticlinical vertebra
61
- It has 7 segments?
- Flattened dorsoventrally
- Have longer bodies than those of the thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar
62
- It has 3 segments?
- Median sacral crest formed by the fused spinous proces
- The bulk of this four-sided, wedge-shaped complex lies between the ilia.
Sacral
63
- Variable in number (20-23 segments)
- Tapering in size
Caudal or coccygeal
64
- On the 4th to the 7th or 8th caudal vertebra, they may unite to form?
Hemal arch
65
- It has 13 pairs
- The dorsal and ventral parts meet at the costo-chondral junction
Ribs/costa
66
Longest rib?
9th rib
67
Floating rib?
13th rib-free
68
How many intercostal spaces does the ribs have?
12 intercostal spaces
69
The parts of a rib are?
- Head
- Neck
- Shaft/body
70
- 8 segments joined by intersternebral cartilages.
Sternum
71
-1st segment: Longer than the other 7 segments.
Manubrium (Sternum)
72
- Last segment
- Extended caudally by a cartilage known as the xiphoid cartilage.
Xiphoid process
73
Thoracic limb are 4 segments:
*Appendicular skeleton*
- Pectoral girdle
- Arm (humerus)
- Forearm (radius and ulna)
- Manus (carpus, metacarpus, digits, sesamoids)
74
It is absent in the pectoral/thoracic girdle?
Clavicle
75
Body is irregularly cylindrical and has twisted appearance?
Arm/humerus
76
Lateral condyle?
Capitulum
77
Main weight supporting bone of the forearm?
Radius and Ulna (forearm)
78
It forms the distal wedge shape projection?
Medial styloid process
79
- It is divided into body/shaft and two extremities
- Its proximal extremity is the olecranon
Ulna
80
It serves as lever arm or tension process for the powerful extensor muscles of the elbow joint.
Olecranon
81
It articulates with the humerus.
Trochlear notch aka semilunar notch
82
What is the pointed slightly enlarged distal extremity of the ulna?
Lateral styloid process
83
It is composed of 7 bones
Carpus (wrist)
84
- Region of the manus between the carpus and the digits?
- Typically composed of 5 bones
- 1st metacarpal bone is the shortest
Metacarpus
85
- Digital skeleton?
- It consists of five units: 1 rudimentary and 4 are fully developed
Phalanges
86
What are the 4 chief segments of the PELVIC LIMB?
- Pelvic girdle
- Thigh (femur and patella)
- Leg (tibia and fibula)
- Pes (tarsus, metatarsal, digits, sesamoids)
87
Fusion of the 4 bones form the acetabulum?
Os coxae
88
- It is the largest. (pelvic girdle)
- It has two surfaces gluteal surface and sacropelvic surfaces.
Ilium
89
Wings of the ilium has 2 tubers?
Tuber coxae and tuber sacrale
90
- Bounded dorsally by the promontory of the sacrum
- Arcuate line bilaterally and
- Cranial border of the pubis (pecten) ventrally
Pelvic Inlet
91
- Bounded dorsally by the 1st ciccygeal vertebra
- Sacrotuberous ligament bilaterally
- By the tuber ischiadicum ventrally
Pelvic outlet
92
- Most massive and largest bone in the body.
Thigh (femur and patella)
93
It serves for attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur.
Fovea capitis femoris
94
- Unites the head of the femur with the rest of the proximal. *neck*
Thigh (femur and patella)
95
Attachment of muscles (gluteus medius, piriformis and gluteus profundus)
Greater tubercle of thigh (femur and patella)
96
It is the attachment of quadratus femoris.
Lesser trochanter
97
It articulates with the patella (knee cap)
Trochlea
98
It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body.
Patella
99
Articulates with the proximal end of the tibia?
Condyles (lateral and medial)
100
- Bone of the true leg?
- Articulates proximally with the femur, distally with the tarsus and laterally on proximal and distal parts of the fibula
Tibia (leg)
101
- Located on the lateral side of the crus.
- Mainly for muscular attachments. Supports a little weight.
Fibula (leg)
102
- It is a hock
- This term also refers to the several joints between the tarsal bones as well as the region between the crus and metatarsus
Pes (tarsus, metatarsal, digits, sesamoids)
103
Constant bones
Proximal row
104
Second largest bone in the hock.
Tibiotarsal bone (Talus)
105
The most prominent structure of the body of the talus?
Trochle
106
Constant bones
Proximal row
107
- Largest bone of the hock?
- Enlarged at the proximal end to form the tuber calcanei or the point of the hock.
Calcaneus (fibular-tarsal)
108
- Lies on the medial side of the tarsus between the proximal and distal rows.
- Articulates with all of the tarsal bones.
Central tarsal
109
- Composed of 5 bones
- Resembles the corresponding metacarpal bones, however, they are much longer
Metatarsal bones
110
The each four metatarsal bears three phalanges with their associated sesamoid bones.
Phalanges
111
It is usually absent in dogs.
- 1st digit of the hindpaw; hallux (dew claw)
112
- Always present in the male dog.
- The base is truncated and attached to the cavernous tissue.
Os Penis/baculum
113
The body of Os Penis/baculum long and bears ventrally?
Urethral groove
114
It functions to stiffen the glans and dilate the fundus of the vagina?
Os penis/baculum
115
Female carnivores have a homologus bone known as?
Os clitoridis
116
Other animals known to have os penis?
- Bears
- Cats
- Walruses
- Racoons
- Otters
