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VMED MAJORS > VETA 101 - Dog Bones > Flashcards

VETA 101 - Dog Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Study of structure of living organisms?

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

Study of the anatomy of the principal domesticated animals?

A

Veterinary Anatomy

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3
Q

Study of structures that can be dissected and observed with an unaided eye or with a hand lens

A

Macroscopic or Gross Anatomy

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4
Q

The study of structures too small to be seen without a light microscope?

A

Microscopic Anatomy or Histology

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5
Q

The study of deviation from the normal, where animal becomes diseased or the organs function improperly?

A

Pathological Anatomy

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6
Q

The study of development of an individual from fertilization to birth?

A

Embryology

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7
Q

Study of a development from zygote to the adult?

A

Developmental Anatomy

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8
Q

The study of abnormal devlopment?

A

Teratology

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9
Q

The study of structures in relation to other parts of the body?

A

Topographical anatomy

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10
Q

The study of organ systems that are closely related or of similar origin?

A

Systematic Anatomy

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11
Q

The practical application of the knowledge in diagnosis and treatment?

A

Applied Anatomy

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12
Q

The study of bones and cartilages?

A

Osteology

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13
Q

The study of joints and ligaments?

A

Syndesmology

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14
Q

The study of muscles and accessory structures?

A

Myology

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15
Q

The study of viscera (digestive, respiratory, urogenital, peritoneum and ductless glands)

A

Splanchnology

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16
Q

The study of organs of circulation (heart, arteries, veins, lymphatics and spleen)

A

Angiology

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17
Q

The study of the nervous system?

A

Neurology

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17
Q

The study of organs which relate the individual to the environment?

A

Sense organ

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18
Q

The study of the protective envelope of the body (skin) and all of its related structures (mammary gland, hooves, claws)

A

Common integument

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19
Q
  • Forms the outer shell of skeletal parts
  • Forms the shaft of long bones
  • Differs in thickness, conforms to the stress and strain to which the bone is subjected
A

Compact/Dense bone

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20
Q

Largely calcified interstitial substance

A

Bone matrix

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21
Q

It consists of bony plates and spicules which run in various directions. It also forms the bulk of short bones and in variable distance along shaft of long bones.

A

Cancellous/Spongy bone

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22
Q

Connective tissue that covers the non articular
outer surface of the bone?

A

Periosteum

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23
Q

It lines the e medullary cavity and the nutrient
canals of the bone? It is similar to periosteum but thinner.

A

Endosteum

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24
Q

Covers the articular margin of the articular cartilages. It is histologically similar to
periosteum.

A

Perichondrium

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25
Q
  • Lining of paranasal sinuses and contains
    mucous cells.
  • Covering of bones that participate in forming boundaries of the respiratory or digestive system. It lines all of the paranasal sinuses and contains mucous cells.
A

Mucoperiosteum

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26
Q

Osseous bulge in site of injury

A

Exostoses

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27
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblast

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28
Q

Living tissues, unlike cartilages, has both arterial and nervous supples.

A

Blood vessels and nerves

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29
Q

It enters the nutrient foramen.

A

Nutrient artery

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30
Q

Pass thru the compact substance and supply the marrow and the spongy bone.

A

Medullary arteries and veins

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31
Q
  • It supplies the periosteum and the compact substance.
  • The arteries and veins reach the Haversian or
    nutrient canal of the compact bones thru the
    Volkmann’s canal.
A

Periosteal arteries and veins

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32
Q
  • It has a hollow cavity called medullary cavity.
  • It possesses great tensile strength
A

Long bones

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33
Q

It is an area of growing cartilage (epiphyseal growth plate). Calcified in mature animals.

A

Epiphysis

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34
Q
  • It is confined to carpal and tarsal bones.
  • Typically cuboidal
A

Short bones

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35
Q
  • It is present near moving joints.
  • Formed in tendons but may be developed in the ligamentous tissues over which the tendons pass.
A

Sesamoid bones

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36
Q
  • Limbs or girdles (scapula, bones of the face)
  • Serve as muscle attachments
A

Flat bones

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37
Q

Interosseous space in some flat bones in the skull.

A

Paranasal sinuses

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38
Q

Bones of the flat bones without medullary cavity are consists of outer and inner tables of compact bone and an intermediate uniting spongy bone.

A

Diploe

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39
Q
  • Bones of the vertebral column
  • 4 parts of the hip bone (os coxae)
  • Protects the spinal cord, gives rigidity to thoracic and abdominal organs.
A

Irregular bones

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40
Q
  • Acts as a suspensory mechanism for the tongue and larynx.
A

Bones of the Hyoid Apparatus

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41
Q
  • Transverse, unpaired bone in the musculature of the base of the tongue
  • Its extremities articulate with both the thyrohoid and the ceratohyoid bones.
A

Basihyoid

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42
Q
  • Extend dorsocaudally from the basihyoid to articulate with the cranial cornu of the thyroid
    cartilage of the larynx.
  • Laterally bowed, sagittally compressed, slender bone
A

Thyrohoid

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43
Q
  • A small, short, tapered rod having a distal extremity that is approximately twice as large as its proximal extremity.
  • The proximal extremity, which points nearly rostrally in life, articulates with the epihyoid at a right angle.
A

Ceratohyoid

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44
Q
  • Approximately parallel to the thyrohyoid bone.
  • Articulates with the ceratohyoid at nearly a right angle distally and with the stylohyoid proximally without any angulation.
A

Epihyoid

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45
Q
  • It is flattened slightly craniocaudally
    and is distinctly bowed toward the
    median plane.
  • Slightly longer than the epihyoid,
    with which it articulates.
A

Stylohyoid

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46
Q
  • A small cartilaginous bar that continues the proximal end of the stylohyoid to the inconspicuous mastoid process of the skull.
A

Tympanohyoid Cartilage

47
Q
  • It is made up of a pedicle basally and a flattened lamina dorsally.
A

Arch of the vertebra

48
Q

It is bounded by the cranial and caudal vertebral notches of the vertebra of the same and preceding segments.

A

Intervertebral foramina

49
Q

It is short, blunt, and irregular.

A

Transverse processes

50
Q

All contain ________ for articulation with the tubercules of the ribs.

A

Foveae

51
Q

Small, knoblike eminences that project dorsally from the transverse processes.

A

Mamillary processess/metapophyses

52
Q

It appears first in the midthoracic region and are located on succeeding segments as far caudally as the fifth or sixth lumbar vertebra.

A

Accessory processes/anapophyses

53
Q
  • Located at the junctions of the pedicles and the laminae.
A

Articular processes

54
Q
  • 1st cervical vertebra
  • Chief peculiarities: specially modifies articular process, wing-like lateral expansion and lacks spinous process.
A

Atlas

55
Q
  • 2nd cervical vertebra
  • Longest cervical vertebra
  • Spinous process is blade-like that extends caudally
A

Axis

56
Q

Odontoid process cranioventral eminence.

A

Dens

57
Q

It is the expanded sagittal platelike transverse processes

A

Lamina ventralis

58
Q
  • highest spinous process
A

6th cervical vertebra

59
Q

_____ thoracic vertebra?

A

13

60
Q

It is the transitional segment of the thoracolumbar region.

A

Anticlinical vertebra

61
Q
  • It has 7 segments?
  • Flattened dorsoventrally
  • Have longer bodies than those of the thoracic vertebrae
A

Lumbar

62
Q
  • It has 3 segments?
  • Median sacral crest formed by the fused spinous proces
  • The bulk of this four-sided, wedge-shaped complex lies between the ilia.
A

Sacral

63
Q
  • Variable in number (20-23 segments)
  • Tapering in size
A

Caudal or coccygeal

64
Q
  • On the 4th to the 7th or 8th caudal vertebra, they may unite to form?
A

Hemal arch

65
Q
  • It has 13 pairs
  • The dorsal and ventral parts meet at the costo-chondral junction
A

Ribs/costa

66
Q

Longest rib?

A

9th rib

67
Q

Floating rib?

A

13th rib-free

68
Q

How many intercostal spaces does the ribs have?

A

12 intercostal spaces

69
Q

The parts of a rib are?

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Shaft/body
70
Q
  • 8 segments joined by intersternebral cartilages.
A

Sternum

71
Q

-1st segment: Longer than the other 7 segments.

A

Manubrium (Sternum)

72
Q
  • Last segment
  • Extended caudally by a cartilage known as the xiphoid cartilage.
A

Xiphoid process

73
Q

Thoracic limb are 4 segments:
Appendicular skeleton

A
  • Pectoral girdle
  • Arm (humerus)
  • Forearm (radius and ulna)
  • Manus (carpus, metacarpus, digits, sesamoids)
74
Q

It is absent in the pectoral/thoracic girdle?

A

Clavicle

75
Q

Body is irregularly cylindrical and has twisted appearance?

A

Arm/humerus

76
Q

Lateral condyle?

A

Capitulum

77
Q

Main weight supporting bone of the forearm?

A

Radius and Ulna (forearm)

78
Q

It forms the distal wedge shape projection?

A

Medial styloid process

79
Q
  • It is divided into body/shaft and two extremities
  • Its proximal extremity is the olecranon
A

Ulna

80
Q

It serves as lever arm or tension process for the powerful extensor muscles of the elbow joint.

A

Olecranon

81
Q

It articulates with the humerus.

A

Trochlear notch aka semilunar notch

82
Q

What is the pointed slightly enlarged distal extremity of the ulna?

A

Lateral styloid process

83
Q

It is composed of 7 bones

A

Carpus (wrist)

84
Q
  • Region of the manus between the carpus and the digits?
  • Typically composed of 5 bones
  • 1st metacarpal bone is the shortest
A

Metacarpus

85
Q
  • Digital skeleton?
  • It consists of five units: 1 rudimentary and 4 are fully developed
A

Phalanges

86
Q

What are the 4 chief segments of the PELVIC LIMB?

A
  • Pelvic girdle
  • Thigh (femur and patella)
  • Leg (tibia and fibula)
  • Pes (tarsus, metatarsal, digits, sesamoids)
87
Q

Fusion of the 4 bones form the acetabulum?

A

Os coxae

88
Q
  • It is the largest. (pelvic girdle)
  • It has two surfaces gluteal surface and sacropelvic surfaces.
A

Ilium

89
Q

Wings of the ilium has 2 tubers?

A

Tuber coxae and tuber sacrale

90
Q
  • Bounded dorsally by the promontory of the sacrum
  • Arcuate line bilaterally and
  • Cranial border of the pubis (pecten) ventrally
A

Pelvic Inlet

91
Q
  • Bounded dorsally by the 1st ciccygeal vertebra
  • Sacrotuberous ligament bilaterally
  • By the tuber ischiadicum ventrally
A

Pelvic outlet

92
Q
  • Most massive and largest bone in the body.
A

Thigh (femur and patella)

93
Q

It serves for attachment of the ligament of the head of the femur.

A

Fovea capitis femoris

94
Q
  • Unites the head of the femur with the rest of the proximal. neck
A

Thigh (femur and patella)

95
Q

Attachment of muscles (gluteus medius, piriformis and gluteus profundus)

A

Greater tubercle of thigh (femur and patella)

96
Q

It is the attachment of quadratus femoris.

A

Lesser trochanter

97
Q

It articulates with the patella (knee cap)

A

Trochlea

98
Q

It is the largest sesamoid bone in the body.

A

Patella

99
Q

Articulates with the proximal end of the tibia?

A

Condyles (lateral and medial)

100
Q
  • Bone of the true leg?
  • Articulates proximally with the femur, distally with the tarsus and laterally on proximal and distal parts of the fibula
A

Tibia (leg)

101
Q
  • Located on the lateral side of the crus.
  • Mainly for muscular attachments. Supports a little weight.
A

Fibula (leg)

102
Q
  • It is a hock
  • This term also refers to the several joints between the tarsal bones as well as the region between the crus and metatarsus
A

Pes (tarsus, metatarsal, digits, sesamoids)

103
Q

Constant bones

A

Proximal row

104
Q

Second largest bone in the hock.

A

Tibiotarsal bone (Talus)

105
Q

The most prominent structure of the body of the talus?

A

Trochle

106
Q

Constant bones

A

Proximal row

107
Q
  • Largest bone of the hock?
  • Enlarged at the proximal end to form the tuber calcanei or the point of the hock.
A

Calcaneus (fibular-tarsal)

108
Q
  • Lies on the medial side of the tarsus between the proximal and distal rows.
  • Articulates with all of the tarsal bones.
A

Central tarsal

109
Q
  • Composed of 5 bones
  • Resembles the corresponding metacarpal bones, however, they are much longer
A

Metatarsal bones

110
Q

The each four metatarsal bears three phalanges with their associated sesamoid bones.

A

Phalanges

111
Q

It is usually absent in dogs.

A
  • 1st digit of the hindpaw; hallux (dew claw)
112
Q
  • Always present in the male dog.
  • The base is truncated and attached to the cavernous tissue.
A

Os Penis/baculum

113
Q

The body of Os Penis/baculum long and bears ventrally?

A

Urethral groove

114
Q

It functions to stiffen the glans and dilate the fundus of the vagina?

A

Os penis/baculum

115
Q

Female carnivores have a homologus bone known as?

A

Os clitoridis

116
Q

Other animals known to have os penis?

A
  • Bears
  • Cats
  • Walruses
  • Racoons
  • Otters

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