Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Rehab Test 3 > Vestibular A&P > Flashcards

Vestibular A&P Flashcards

1
Q

T/F: all balance issues must have a vestibular component

A

false; vestibular function likely leads to a balance issue, but not all balance issues are vestibular in nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F: balance training is vestibular training

A

false; balance training does not equal vestibular PT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two major components of vestibular therapy

A

exercises and canalith repositioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do you do if you have evaluate a patient that experiences hearing issues alongside vestibular issues?

A

refer to ENT for further workup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what lies behind the ear drum?

A

the middle ear - the eustachian tube accesses the throat and the stirrup, hammer, and anvil can be found here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the bony labyrinth

A

a series of fluid-filled (perilymph) cavities (cochlea, vestibule, and SCCs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is unique about perilymph in terms of relevant pathology

A

the perilymph communicates with CSF; therefore, in NPH (weird, wet, and wobbly) we get the wobbly component due to the connection of perilymph with the CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the membranous labyrinth

A

a series of communicating sacs and ducts suspended in the bony labrynth, most notably the utricle and saccule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the utricle and saccule filled with?

A

endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe the anatomical end of a SCC

A

the SCC ends in an ampulla which houses a crista containing a cupula that directly impacts the hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe how hair cells are influences by movement and how it translates into neural sensory firing

A

When the hair cells (stereocilia) are bent towards the kinocilium (tall hair cell) firing rate increases and is excitatory. When the stereocilia are bent away, firing rate decreases and is inhibitory.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F: the SCC utilize otoconia to deflect hair cells

A

false; otoconia are found in the utricle and saccule but not the SCC sensory organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

otoliths respond to ____ and ____

A

linear motion and tilt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

SCC respond to ____

A

angular motion aka rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe the orientation of bilateral SCCs

A

SCCs are parallel to one another and horizontal canals are angled 30 degrees upward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are otoliths

A

CaCO3 crystals suspended in the utricle and saccule that assist in sensing velocity changes and tilt (linear motion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what does the saccule sense? the utricle?

A

saccule - saggital plane (tilt)

utricle - horizontal plane (acceleration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what condition increases changes of developing BPPV

A

osteoporosis because the otoliths are made of CaCO3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

otoliths move (a) in the direction of gravity (b) opposite of gravity

A

(a) in the direction of gravity

20
Q

which artery supplies the vestibular system

A

the labyrinthine artery from AICA or basilar artery supplies the peripheral vestibular system

21
Q

what are the branches of the labyrinthine artery

A

anterior vestibular artery and common cochlear artery

22
Q

why is blood supply relevant to us as PTs?

A

we must know that the labyrinthine artery is highly susceptible to ischemia

23
Q

the internal auditory canal contains what (3)

A
  1. vestibular and cochlear nerves
  2. facial nerve
  3. labyrinthine artery
24
Q

T/F: the vestibular nerve fires in the absence of movement

A

true

25
Q

what is the role of the CB in vestibular reflexes

A

the CB is NOT required for vestibular reflexes, but it calibrates them; therefore CB issues result in the inability to adapt making vestibular rehab difficult

26
Q

patients with CB disorders exhibit ___ and ____

A

nystagmus and ataxia

27
Q

which artery primarily supplies the central vestibular system

A

PICA off the basilar artery

28
Q

what is effected in a PICA stroke

A

aka lateral medullary syndrome, a PICA stroke will damage vestibular nuclei and the inf CB resulting in purely central balance symptoms

29
Q

what is effected in an AICA stroke

A

damage to the labyrinth and CB presenting as mixed peripheral and central (CB) patterns

30
Q

what is oscillopsia

A

visual disturbance where objects int he visual field appear to jump or blur with head motion -
“when you move the world looks like its bouncing/sliding”

31
Q

what is VOR

A

reflex that stabilizes/fixes your vision while your head moves

32
Q

how do eyes behave in VOR with respect to the head

A

eyes and head move opposite direction

33
Q

what is VOR gain

A

the change in eye angle divided by the change in head angle during a turn - ideally it is 1.0

34
Q

what happens if VOR Gain does not equal 1

A

retinal slip (impaired visual acuity) - i.e. there will be oscillopsia

35
Q

what causes VOR Gain to be >1? <1?

A

increased eye velocity if >1

increased head velocity if <1

36
Q

describe the relevance of the VSR

A

when you reduce the visual and somatosensory input, the VSR will become more active. In other words, the VSR is key for balance

37
Q

what is the VCR

A

a reflex that acts in response to vestibular input fromt the neck in order to stabilize the head

38
Q

T/F: Vestibular issues can cause strong emotional reactions

A

true - due to the connection of the vestibular system to the ANS, patients may have very strong emotions

39
Q

what is nystagmus

A

involuntary eye movement

40
Q

how is nystagmus named

A

named for the direction of the fast motion

41
Q

how does a nystagmus beat

A

beats towards the unaffected side

42
Q

A right beat nystagmus means…

A

the right side is stronger therefore there is a left sided weakness

43
Q

what is spontaneous nystagmus

A

a peripheral issue described as primarily horizontal movement with a slight torsional component

44
Q

how will spontaneous nystagmus change in response to the removal of fixation

A

spontaneous nystagmus increases when fixation is removed

45
Q

what is central spontaneous nystagmus (in other words, what do you see in nystagmus that leads you to believe it is central spontaneous until proven otherwise?)

A
  1. pure vertical
  2. pure torsional
  3. direction changing with fixation
46
Q

what are the four components of Alexander’s Law?

A
  1. nystagmus will beat towards the STRONG side
  2. nystagmus will INCREASE when gaze is shifted in the direction of the FAST component
  3. nystagmus will DECREASE when gaze is shifted in the direction of the SLOW component
  4. nystagmus will be seen MORE with fixation REMOVED

Neuro Rehab Test 3 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions