Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Semester 5 FSNM Exam 2 > Vestibular > Flashcards

Vestibular Flashcards

1
Q

Vestibular system is an important source of

A

self motion and orientation information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vestibular information influences

A

postural control and control of eye movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vestibular apparatus contains what type of receptors and what do they respond to (big picture)

A

sensory- respond to position of the head relative to gavity and to head movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Information of the vestibular system is converted to neural signals that are converted by the ____ to the ___

A

vestibular nerve to the vestibular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Projectins from the vestibular nuclei contribute to what (what is the functin)

A

1 Sens info about head mvmnt and head position relative to gravity
2 Gaze stabilization
3 Postural adjustments
4 Autonomic function and consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Semicircular canals get input about what

A

angular acceleration of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Saccule and utricle get input about what

A

linear acceleration of the head

head position relative to gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Semicircular canals and saccule and utricle input to what

A

vestibular nuclei

vestibulocerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

vestibular nuclei and

vestibulocerebellum output to where

A

Cerebral cortex
Oculomotor cortex
Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cerebral cortex gets info on what

A

perception of head orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Oculomotor nuclei gets ifo on what

A

eye movemnts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Spinal cord gets info on what

A

postural control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What other input besides vestibular information does the vestibular nuclei receive

A

vision
proprioceptive info
tactile info
auditory info

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what inputs does vestibular info consist of

A

angular acc of the head
linear acc of the head
head position relative to gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

receptors in semicircular canals detect movement of what and how

A

the head by sensing the motion of endolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Semicircular canals are made of

A

three hollow rings arranged perpendicular to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Each semicircular canal opens at both ends into the

A

utricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Each semicircular canal has a ___ that contains a ___

A

ampulla that contains a crista

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is a crista

A

body of supporting cells and sesory hair cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Hair cells are embedded in a gelatinous mass called the

A

cupula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Inside the utricle and the saccule is a receptor cell called

A

the macula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

In the macula, hairs projecting from hair cells are embedded in gelatinous material - above the gelatinous materal are what

A

otoconia - small, heavy, sand like crystals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When the macula is moved into diff positions, the weight of the ___ bends the hairs and then what

A

weight of the otoconia bends the hairs
hair cells are stimulated
change the pattern of vestibular neuron firing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When the head is at rest or midline - what is happening

A

there is a spontaneous tonic discharge in the bilateral vestibular nerves (branch of CN 8)

25
Q

When the head is at rest or midline - and there is equal tonic discharge on both sides what does this signal

A

no imbalance of the firing neurons signals that the head is not moving

26
Q

Semicircular canals - each canal in a pair produces

A

reciprocal signals

inc signals from one canal occur simultaneously with dec signals from its partner

27
Q

What happens if the signals from a pair of semicircular canals are not reciprocal

A

difficulties with control of posture, abnormal eye movements, nausea

28
Q

where are the hair cells

A

in the ampulla crista

29
Q

when the head mvoes the cupula is displaced by the flow of

A

endolymph

30
Q

as the head turns, the hair cells on which side hyperpolarize and which depoliarize

A

the hair cells on the side away from the direction of the turn hyperpolarize (dec signals on that side) and the hair cells on the side toward the direction of the turn depolarize (inc vestibular nerve signals on that side)

31
Q

because of inertia, rotation of the head in a counterclockwise direction causes the endolymph to move which direction

A

counterclockwise

clockwise with respect to the canals

32
Q

Otolith organs are what

A

utricle and saccule

33
Q

otolith organs are ___ __ within the vestibular system

A

membranous sacs

34
Q

Otolith organs are not sensitive to

A

rotation

35
Q

otolith organs response to

A

head position relative to gravity and to liner acceleration and deceleration

36
Q

Inside an utricle and saccule is a

A

macula

37
Q

Macula

A

hair cells enclosed by a gelatinous mass topped by calcium carbonate crystals

38
Q

Otoconia are

A

calcium carbonite crystals that are more dense than the surround fluid and gelatinous support

39
Q

Otolithic organs - changing head positions does what to he macula? and then what

A

tilts the macula

the weight of the otoconia displaces the gelatinous mass, bending the embedded hairs

40
Q

What does bending of the embedded hairs do

A

stimulates or inhibits the hair cells depending on the direction of the bend

41
Q

Otoliths - when the head is normal and upright in a neutral position, the macula in each left and right utricle is approximately

A

horizontal

any substantial linear horizontal acceleration will excite some hair cells in each utricle

42
Q

Utricles are sensitive to

A

horizontal acceleration (going forward at a green light)

43
Q

Saccules are sensitive to

A

vertical linear acceleration (elevator)

44
Q

Central vestibular system stimuli include

A

angular acc of the head
linear acc of the head
head position relative to gravity

45
Q

Central vestibular system receptros

A

semicircular canals

utricle and saccule

46
Q

semicircular canal and utricle and saccule send their infor where

A

vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebellum

47
Q

Vestibular nuclei and vestibulocerebelum send their info where

A

vestibular cerebral cortex
oculomotor nuclei
spinal cord

48
Q

Vestibular cerebral cortex gives output about

A

perception of head orientation

49
Q

oculomotor nuclei gives output about

A

eye movements

50
Q

spinal cord gives output about

A

postural control

51
Q

Vestibular role in motor control -

A

gaze stabiliztion

postural adjustments

52
Q

Vestibular role in motor control - gaze stabilization is operated by what

A

VOR

53
Q

Vestibular role in motor control - postural adjustments are acheived by what

A

reciprocal connections between the vestibular nuclei and the spinal cord, reticular formation, superior colliculus, nucleus of CN 11, and cerebellum

54
Q

What happens when we rapidly rotate out head by spinning around

A 
altered postural control
head orientation adjustments
eye mvmnt reflexes
autonomic changes
conscious awareness of head orientation and movement
55
Q

VOR functions to do what

A

stabilize visual image during head movements

56
Q

VOR - eyes move in which directio

A

opposite to that of the head movement

57
Q

what can supress the VOR

A

cerebellum

58
Q

How does the VOR work

A 
rotation acc or dec of the head
receptors in semicircular canals
vestibular nuclei
ocular motor nuclei
extraocular muscles
59
Q

when would the VOR be suppressed by the cerebellum

A

when we want our gaze to follow the direction we are turning out head - redirecting our gaze

Semester 5 FSNM Exam 2 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions