Vestibular

Question 1

Balance related falls account for greater than ____ of accidental deaths in the elderly

Answer 1

One-half

Question 2

The generic and inclusive term used to describe everything from feeling faint, weak, unsteady, experiencing blurred vision or vertigo

Answer 2

Dizziness

Question 3

Dizziness may stem from

Answer 3

Medication side effects, head or neck injuries, brain disorders and vestibular system

Question 4

“The 3-Legged Stool”

Answer 4

Visual, Somatosensory and Vestibular System

Question 5

3 Primary Functions of the Vestibular System

Answer 5

1. Stabilize vision during head movement
2. Maintain postural stability
3. Provide information for spatial orientation

Question 6

Vestibular Nuclear Complex

Answer 6

4 paired nuclei, primary processor of vestibular input

Question 7

Cerebellum

Answer 7

“Real time processor”. Monitors vestibular performance and adjusts central processing

Question 8

Central Vestibular System

Answer 8

Vestibular Nuclear Complex and Cerebellum

Question 9

Peripheral Vestibular System

Answer 9

Labyrinth, semicircular canals, otolith organs and eighth cranial nerve

Question 10

Labyrinth

Answer 10

Houses vestibular apparatus

Question 11

Semicircular Canals

Answer 11

Sense rotation motion

Question 12

Otolith Organs

Answer 12

Sense linear acceleration

Question 13

Eighth Cranial Nerve

Answer 13

Communicative vestibular information to vestibular nuclei

Question 14

Named for complexity of convoluted shape, size of a dime, located deep within the temporal bone

Answer 14

The Labyrinth

Question 15

Senses rotation, 3 canals

Answer 15

The Semicircular Canals

Question 16

Ampulla

Answer 16

Enlarged at base of each SCC. Contains cupula.

Question 17

Cupula

Answer 17

Gelatinous barrier containing hair cells

Question 18

Kinocilia

Answer 18

Larger hair cells

Question 19

Stereocilia

Answer 19

Smaller hair cells

Question 20

Crista Ampularris

Answer 20

Sensory organ of rotation

Question 21

Endolymph

Answer 21

Reponsed to head motion

Question 22

Deflection of the stereocilia caused by motion of the endolymph results in the stimulation of?

Answer 22

CN VIII

Question 23

Excitation of SCC

Answer 23

Stereocillia deflect toward kinocilia

Question 24

Inhibition of SCC

Answer 24

Stereocillia deflect away from kinocilia

Question 25

Utricle

Answer 25

Horizontal linear acceleration

Question 26

Saccule

Answer 26

Vertical linear acceleration

Question 27

Macula

Answer 27

Located in each otolith organ. Contains hair cells.

Question 28

Otocunia

Answer 28

Hair like on top of macula

Question 29

Vestibulocochlear Nerve

Answer 29

Sensory nerve arising from the brainstem

Question 30

Cochlear Nerve

Answer 30

Carries information about hearing

Question 31

Vestibular Nerve

Answer 31

Carries information about balance

Question 32

Symptoms of CN VIII damage

Answer 32

Hearing loss, ringing of the ears, nausea, severe dizziness, difficulty maintaining balance

Question 33

Vestibular Dysfunction Symptoms

Answer 33

Reduces the appropriate neural output for spatial orientation, posutal control or eye movement control

Question 34

Central Pathology

Answer 34

Affects integration and processing of sensory input from the vestibular, visual and somatosensory systems

Question 35

Common Central Vestibular Disorders

Answer 35

Head trauma, brainstem strokes, multiple sclerosis, cerebellar degernation

Question 36

Peripheral Pathology

Answer 36

Diminishes available sensory information regarding head position and movement

Question 37

Common Peripheral Vestibular Disorders

Answer 37

Labyrinthitis, Menieres Disease

Question 38

Vestibular Neuritis

Answer 38

Inflammation of the vestibular nerve. Lasting 2-3 days.

Question 39

Vestibular Neuritis Symptoms

Answer 39

Nausea, severe vertigo, nystagmus

Question 40

Vestibular Labyrinthitis

Answer 40

Inflammation of the labyrinth. Lasting 1-4 days.

Question 41

Meineres Disease

Answer 41

Associated with abnormal inner ear fluid pressure

Question 42

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Answer 42

Otoconia displacement (falls into SCC). Vertigo for less than 2 minutes.

Question 43

Vestibular Hypofunction

Answer 43

Causes postural deficit. Bilateral or unilaterally.

Question 44

Labyrinthectomy

Answer 44

Destroys entire labyrinth. All hearing is lost.

Question 45

Acoustic Neuroma

Answer 45

Slow growing tumor on the vestibularcoclear nerve. Noncancerous but causes dmages as it grows.

Question 46

Simultaneous movements of both eyes in the same direction that serve as a mechanism for fixation

Answer 46

Saccades

Question 47

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite direction to maintain binocular vision

Answer 47

Vergence

Question 48

Rapid, rhythmic, involuntary movement of the eyes

Answer 48

Nystagmus

Question 49

Testing anterior and posterior canals

Answer 49

Dix-Hallpike Test

Question 50

Testing horizontal canals

Answer 50

Head Rolling Test (look for signs of nystagmus and dizziness)

Question 51

Treats anterior and posterior canals

Answer 51

Epley Maneuver

Question 52

Liberatory Movement

Answer 52

Treats BPPV (anterior and posterior)

Question 53

3 Basic Concepts for Vestibular Rehab

Answer 53

1. Adaption Exercises 2. Substitutional Exercises 3. Habituation Exercises

Question 54

Uses to promote balance and reduce falls by using visual or somatosensory input

Answer 54

Substitution Exercises

Question 55

Used to reduce movement/position-induced dizziness through repeated exposure to noxious stimuli

Answer 55

Habituation Exercises

Question 56

Performed at home if Epley is not 100% effective

Answer 56

Brandt-Daroff Exercises