Vessels and Nerves of the Head Flashcards
Where does the vetebral artery branch off from and where does it pass through? Why is this artery important?
Subclavian artery and then passes through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae and then the transverse and lateral foramina of the atlas, then uniting to form the basilar artery. It gives collateral blood supply to the brain (vertebro-basilar system)
Which two arteries contribute to the arterial circle surrounding the pituitary gland in the brain?
Basilar a.
Internal carotid a.
Which artery courses through the typano-occipital fissure rostrally, through the carotid canal, loops through and then back caudally through the carotid foreman joining the arteries at the base of the skull?
Internal carotid a.
The external caratod artery continues as the ________ artery after the ___________ artery branches off.
Maxillary
Superficial temporal
Which artery branches deep to the hyoglossus muscles? What does this artery course with and supply?
Lingual a.
Hypoglossal n.
Tongue
What is unique about the caudal aricular artery in 25% of dogs?
It branches off more caudally, opposite of where the linguinal artery is branching instead of more rostrally near the base fo the ear canal.
Aural hematomas, total ear canal ablations, and ear canal resection are all clinical problems that involve which arteries?
Lateral, medial, and intermediate auricular branches of the caudal aricular artery.
The deep auricular branch of the caudal aricular artery.
Which artery passes through the caudal alar foramen, through the alar canal, exits through the rostral alar foramen, enters the maxillary foramen, and exits the intraorbital canal and foramen as the infraorbital artery?
Maxillary
The interior aveolar artery branches off the _________ artery into the ___________ foramen, along with the _________ nerve to supply the dental alveoli of the lower arcade of teeth.
Maxillary
Mandibular
Mandibular (branch of Cranial nerve V- trigeminal)
What does Oh, Oh, Oh, They Traveled And Found Voldermort Guarding Very Ancient Horcruxes mean?
Cranial nerve sequence
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Oculomoter
- Trochlear
- Trigeminal
- Abducens
- Facial
- Vestibulocochlear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- Accessory
- Hypoglossal
What does Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Business Marries Money mean?
Sensory versus motor innervation of the 12 cranial nerves
- Olfactory: sensory
- Optic: sensory
- Oculomoter: motor
- Trochlear: motor
- Trigeminal: sensory and motor
- Abducens: motor
- Facial: sensory and motor
- Vestibulocochlear: sensory
- Glossopharyngeal: sensory and motor
- Vagus: sensory and motor
- Accessory: motor
- Hypoglossal: motor
What do cranial nerves III, V, VII, and X have in common?
They have visceral motor innervation
Autonomic innervation of nerves usually innervates ________, _______, and _________.
Smooth muscle
Glands
Cardiac muscle
Which nerves innervates the dorsal oblique muscle of the eye? What kind of innervation?
Trochlear nerve (CN IV) which serves somatic motor innervation
Which muscles do the abducens nerve ( CN VI) innervate? What kind of innervation?
Lateral rectus m.
Retractor bulbi m.
Somatic motor
Which nerve provides somatic and visceral motor innervation to many of the muscles in the eye?
Oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Which nerves extend through the orbital fissure along with the opthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve?
Oculomotor nerve ( CN III) Abducens nerve (CN VI) Trochlear nerve ( CN IV)
What are the three branches of CN V (trigeminal nerve)?
Opthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve
What are the three muscles of masstication?
Masseter m.
Temporal m.
Pterygoid mm.
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to the muscles of mastication? What about just sensory innervation?
Mandibular nerve
Opthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Which nerve passes through the oval foramen?
Mandibular nerve
Which nerve passes thorugh the round foramen and meets up with the maxillary artery through the alar canal?
Maxillary nerve
Which nerve enters through internal acoustic meatus, courses through the facial canal, and emerges from the stylomastoid foramen?
Facial nerve ( CN VII)
The facial nerve curves around the ________________. This is important to remember during surgery.
base of the ear
The dorsal/ventral buccal nerve and the auriculopalpebral n. are the main branches of the ________ nerve.
Facial (CN VII)
Which cranial nerves leave the cranium via the jugular foreman and the tympano-occipital fissure?
CN IX, X, and XI
Glossopharyngeal n.
Vagus n.
Accessory n.
Which muscles, that form a Y, are innervated by somatic motor fibers of the vagus nerve and control the swallowing reflex?
Sternothyroideus m.
Thyrohyoideus m.
Thyropharyngeus m.
Which nerve innervates the cricothyroideus m. and branches off of CN X? What type of innervation?
Cranial laryngeal n.
Sensory and motor
What type of cell bodies do the distal and proximal ganglia of the vagus nerve contain?
Sensory neuron cell bodies
Which nerve innervates the trapezius m. , sternocephalicus m., cleidocephalicus m., and the musculature of the larynx ( except the cricothyroideus m.) with somatic motor fibers?
CN XI or accessory nerve
The recurrent laryngeal n./caudal laryngeal n. supplies _______ innervation to the __________ muscles. This nerve branches off the ___________ nerve.
somatic motor
Laryngeal
Accessory
Which nerve leaves the cranial cavity through the hypoglossal foramen along with the lingual artery providing somatic motor innervation to the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve ( CN XII)
What type of cell bodies does the cranial cervical ganglion contain and from which nerve is this located?
Post-ganglions SNS cell bodies
Vagosympathetic trunk
What is up with that confusing recurrent laryngeal n,/caudal laryngeal n.?
It has sensory fibers innervating the larynx that come from the vagus nerve, but it also has motor fibers innervating the laryngeal mm. from the accessory nerve.
What are the nerve branches of the mandibular nerve? Which type of innervation is provided?
B-LIMA (sensory) Buccal n. Lingual n. Inferior alveolar n. Mylohyoid (sensory and motor) n. Auriculotemporal n.
From which nerve does the mental n. originate and what does it innervate?
Inferior alveolar n.
Lips (sensory)
NFL stands for what?
The branches of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve.
Nasociliary n.
Frontal n.
Lacrimal n.
Which branch of the trigeminal nerve ( CN V) has ZIP branches? What does this stand for?
Maxillary n.
Zygomatic n.
Infraorbital n.
Pterygopalatine n.
Which cranial nerves are considered purely motor?
CN III, IV, VI, XI, XII
Which cranial nerves are considered purely sensory?
CN I, II, VIII
Which cranial nerves contribute to the sense of taste in the tongue?
CN VII, IX, X
Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Which cranial nerve is involved with regulating blood pressure and gases?
Glossopharyngeal nerve ( CN IX)
The cricothyroideus muscle is innervated by the ___________ nerve.
Cranial laryngeal nerve branching from the vagus nerve
Dorsal to the internal carotid artery and occipital artery on the medial side we can located the _________ ________, and ________ ganglia, which are part of the _________ nerve.
proximal
distal
cranial cervical
vagus
The auriculopalpebral nerve provides _______ innervation to the facial muscles while the auriculotemporal nerve provides ________ innervation.
motor
sensory
The auriculopalpebral nerve branches off of the _________ nerve and the auriculotemporal nerve branches off of the ___________ branch of the __________nerve.
Facial nerve ( CN VII) Mandibular Trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Which bones make up the hyoid apparatus?
Stylohyoid Epihyoid Ceratohyoid Basihyoid Thyrohyoid
Which nerves pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
Facial nerve (CN VII) Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII)
