Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

cmb lec > vesicular transport > Flashcards

vesicular transport Flashcards

1
Q

a cellular process where a cell takes in substances by engulfing them with its cell membrane, forming a vesicle, and then transporting them into the cell

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

in endocytosis, the cell membrane _____, enclosing the extracellular fluid

A

invaginates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

in endocytosis, bacteria or cell debris bind to ______

A

cell receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

give the types of endocytosis

A

phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

this process involves cells engulfing large/solid particles, like bacteria or cellular debris, forming large vesicles called _____

A

phagocytosis
phagosome (food vacuole)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

cells take in small amounts of extracellular fluid and dissolved solutes, forming small vesicles called _____

A

pinocytosis
pinosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

highly specific process where cells internalize specific molecules that bind to receptors on the cell surface, leading to the formation of vesicles containing the receptor-ligand complex

A

receptor-mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

this allows proteins and vesicles to reach their destinations

A

vesicular trafficiking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

two processes in vesicular trafficking

A

budding and fusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

two compartments in vesicular trafficiking

A

donor compartment
target compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

give the different coat proteins

A

clathrin
COPI
COPII
retromer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intracellular sorting organelles that transport proteins and lipids

A

endosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

made up of clathrin

A

clathrin-coated vesicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

three large and three small polypeptide chains that together form a three-legged structure known as _____

A

clathrin-coated vesicles
triskelion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

required to bind the clathrin coat to the membrane and to trap various transmembrane proteins

A

adaptor protein (AP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

give the steps in assembly and disassembly of clathrin coat

A

coat assembly and cargo selection
bud formation
vesicle formation
uncoating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

adaptor proteins bind to what?

A

phosphoinositide
phosphatidylinositol phosphate
PIP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

soluble cytoplasmic protein assemble as a ring around the neck of each bud and pinch off the membrane to release the clathrin-coated vesicles

A

dynamin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

sculpt phosphoinositide- rich membranes to generate membrane protrusions or invaginations

A

bin-amphiphysin Rvs (BAR) domains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

inhibit the lateral diffusion of PI(4,5)P2

A

F-BAR domains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

generate extremely stable lipid microdomains

A

F-BAR/BAR domains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

bind clathrin and receptors, acting as a bridge

A

adaptor proteins (adaptin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

they uncoat the vesicle

A

Hsc70 chaperone
auxilin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

determine the coated vesicle:

ER to cis-golgi

A

COPII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
determine the coated vesicle: cis-golgi to ER; later to earlier golgi cisternae
COPI
26
determine the coated vesicle: trans-golgi to endosome PM to endosome golgi to lysosome, melanosome, or platelet vesicle
clathrin and adaptor proteins
27
determine the coated vesicle: endosomes to PM
retromer
28
t or f: transport vesicles are highly selective
true
29
specificity in targeting is ensured because all transport vesicles display what?
surface markers target membranes
30
these identify them according to their origin and type of cargo
surface markers
31
these display complementary receptors that recognize the appropriate markers
target membranes
32
have a central role both in providing specificity and in catalyzing the fusion of vesicles with the target membrane
SNARE proteins
33
give the two types of SNARE proteins
vesicle or v-SNARE target or t-SNARE
34
this is incorporated in the membranes of transport vesicles during budding
vesicle or v-SNARE
35
located in the membrane of target compartments
target or t-SNARE
36
also known as vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), is a small, integral membrane protein of synaptic vesicles that plays a crucial role in synaptic transmission by forming the SNARE complex with syntaxin and SNAP-25, which is essential for vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release
synaptobrevin (v-SNARE)
37
a family of membrane proteins, specifically t-SNAREs, that play a crucial role in the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane during neurotransmitter release, a process known as exocytosis
syntaxin (t-SNARE)
38
a brain-specific protein crucial for synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release, acting as a target membrane soluble, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (t-SNARE) within the SNARE complex
snap25 (t-SNARE)
39
when a v- SNARE interacts with a t-SNARE, the ____ domains of one wrap around the ____ domains of the other to form stable _________, which lock the two membranes together
helical helical trans-SNARE complexes
40
the formation of the SNARE complex may work like a _____, using the energy that is freed when the interacting helices wrap around each other to pull the membrane faces together, while simultaneously squeezing out _____ molecules from the interface
winch water
41
direct the vesicle to a specific spot on the target membrane
rab proteins
42
rab proteins on the vesicle are recognized by tethering proteins on the target membrane
tethering
43
what is the rab protein used?
rab-GTP
44
what is the name of the tethering protein?
rab effector
45
give the processes for tethering of a transport vesicle to a target membrane
tethering docking fusion
46
recognition of V- SNARE and t-SNARE
docking
47
v-SNARE and t-SNARE wrap around each other tightly
fusion
48
is an ATPase that dissociates SNARE pairs
NSF (N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor)
49
this snare is retrieved to original membrane
v-SNARE
50
HIV enters through what?
membrane fusion
51
a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in fighting infections, and are a key indicator of HIV progression
CD4
52
a family of G protein-coupled receptors that bind to chemokines, signaling molecules involved in leukocyte migration and activation, playing a crucial role in immune responses
chemokine receptors
53
a _____ is synthesized inside the rough ER, migrates through it, and exits inside a vesicle
secretory protein
54
sorting and dispatching station for the products of the ER
golgi apparatus
55
golgi apparatus is the major site for the synthesis of:
carbohydrate pectin hemicellulose glycosaminoglycans
56
cis face is also the what?
entry face
57
trans face is also the what?
exit face
58
proteins leave the ER in ____ transport vesicles
COPII-coated
59
_____ proteins display exit (transport) signals on their surface that are recognized by ________ proteins
cargo complementary receptor
60
give examples of lumenal sorting signals
KDEL M6P
61
give examples of cytoplasmic sorting signals
KKXX di-acidic LL
62
ER-resident soluble proteins
KDEL
63
soluble lysosomal enzymes after processing in cis-golgi secreted lysosomal enzymes
M6P
64
ER-resident membrane proteins
KKXX
65
cargo membrane proteins in ER
di-acidic
66
plasma membrane proteins
LL
67
proteins must be properly ____ and, if they are subunits of multimeric protein complexes, they may need to be completely ______
folded assembled
68
those that are misfolded or incompletely assembled are _____ in the ER, where they are bound to _____ proteins
retained chaperone
69
cystic fibrosis is a common inherited disease, which produces a _____ protein important for ___ transport that is only slightly _____
plasma membrane Cl-transport misfolded
70
fusion of membranes from the same compartment requires matching SNAREs
homotypic membrane fusion
71
one compartment fuses with the membrane of a different compartment
heterotypic membrane fusion
72
ER-derived vesicles fused to form ________
vesicular tubular clusters
73
transport proteins from the rough ER to the cis-Golgi
COPII vesicles (forward pathway)
74
transport proteins in the reverse direction
COPI vesicles (retrieval pathway)
75
membrane proteins needed to form COPII vesicles can be retrieved from the _____ by ____ vesicles
cis-golgi COPI
76
one of the sorting signals that directs membrane proteins into COPI vesicles is a _____ sequence, which binds to subunits of the COPI coat.
KKXX
77
many soluble ER-resident proteins contain a ______ binding of this retrieval sequence to a specific receptor protein in the cis-Golgi membrane recruits _____ proteins into ______ vesicles
KDEL sorting signal missorted ER retrograde COPI
78
_____ processing in golgi compartments
oligo processing
79
phosphorylation of oligo on lysosomal proteins
cis-golgi network
80
removal of Man
cis cisterna
81
removal of Man addition of GlcNAc
medial cisterna
82
addition of Gal addition of NANA
trans cisterna
83
sulfation of tyrosines and carbohydrates
trans golgi network
84
sialic acids affect immunity via what?
SIGLECs
85
sialic acids regulate leukocytes trafficking via what?
selectins
86
give two models of transport in GA
vesicular transport model cisternal maturation model
87
lysosomes have how many types of hydrolytic enzymes?
40
88
give some examples of hydrolytic enzymes
protease lipase phospholipase phosphatase nuclease glycosidase sulfatase
89
major site for degradation and recycling of proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and whole organelles
lysosomes
90
are hydrolytic enzymes that are active under acidic conditions
acid hydrolases
91
the lumen is maintained at an acidic pH by an _______ in the membrane that pumps H+ into the lysosome
H+ ATPase
92
cytosol has a pH of ___ and lysosome has a pH of ___
7.2 5.0
93
the low pH in the late endosome dissociates the _______ from these receptors, making the transport of the hydrolases ______
lysosomal hydrolases unidirectional
94
recognizes Lysosomal Proteins in the Trans Golgi Network
mannose 6-phosphate receptor
95
coarse facial features, skeletal abnormalities and mental retardation
inclusion-cell disease
96
almost all of the hydrolytic enzymes are missing from lysosomes, and their undigested substrates accumulate in lysosomes, which consequently
inclusion-cell disease
97
gives the cell structure and shape
cytoskeleton
98
moves vesicles, and separates chromosomes during cell division
cytoskeleton
99
facilitates muscle contraction
cytoskeleton
100
three types of cytoskeleton
microtubule microfilament or actin filament intermediate filament
101
responsible for intracellular transport and positioning of membrane vesicles and organelles
microtubules
102
provide long tracks and vesicles are transported by kinesin and dynein motors
microtubules
103
walk towards the + and – ends of microtubules
kinesin
104
give the functions of kinesin
1) anterogade axonal transport 2) rapid movement of mitochondria 3) secretory vesicle precursors 4) synapse components of the axon to the nerve terminals
105
minus end-directed microtubule motors
dyneins
106
give the functions of dyneins
1) organelle and mRNA transport 2) positioning the centrosomes and nucleus 3) construction of microtubule spindle
107
give the basic structures of kinesin, dynein, and myosin
motor domain stalk associated polypeptides
108
kill cells microtubule depolymerization
colchicine

cmb lec (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions