Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

virology > Vesicular Diseases > Flashcards

Vesicular Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

4 important vesicular diseases

A

1) Vesicular stomatitis
2) vesicular exanthema of swine
3) Foot and Mouth Disease
4) Swine vesicular disease

These 4 diseases cannot be clinically differentiated from each other

All 4 are reportable diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the vesicular diseases are in the US

A

Only Vesicular exanthema of swine (VES)

Has not occurred in US for 4 decades

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) family

A

VSV is vesiculovirus belonging to the virus family Rhabdoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus species affected and location of vesicles

A

Horses, cattle, pigs, man

Vesicle in mouth, feet, and on teats

Can also infect man (influenza-like disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2 types of vesicular stomatitis virus serotypes

A

Indiana and New Jersey

New Jersey serotype is more widespread and virulent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Transmission of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus

A

Limited to the western hemisphere

Enzootic in Central and South America, and in Ossabow Island (near Georgia)

In the US we have periodic incursions of the virus with disease outbreaks occurring in LATE SUMMER/FALL, especially in the western states

Transmitted primarily by SAND FLIES AND BLACKFLIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do we see outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis virus?

A

Along river drainage

Low-lying areas receiving heavy rainfall and high vector population (central America)

Outbreaks n US is believed to be WINDBORNE, initiated by infected carrier insects blown up from Central America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transmission of vesicular stomatitis virus during an outbreak

A

Through mucosa or broken skin
-saliva and vesicular fluid from infected animals is very infectious

Virus remains viable on milking machine parts, in soil, vegetation, especially in cool weather

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Clinical signs of vesicular stomatitis virus

A

Fever, anorexia, excess salivation first signs

In horses and cattle, see vesicle on dorsum of tongue, dental pads, buccal mucosa, teats, and coronary bands
-when vesicle rupture, it leaves a small shallow erosion/ulcer… lameness is then seen

In swine, most commonly see vesicle on shouted feed, causing lameness

In horses tongue lesions are most pronounced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Morbidity and mortality of vesicular stomatitis virus

A

10-80% morbidity, 0% mortality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pathogenesis of Vesicular stomatitis virus

A

Virus gains entry through damaged skin (insect bites, trauma of milking, eating fibrous foods, etch)

Cause a viremia and virus distributes in skin epithelium > replication > vesicle formation

Lesions form in areas of skin that are irritated (tongue of horse, snout and feet of pigs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Diagnosis of Vesicular Stomatitis virus

A

SEASONAL DISEASE- seasonal disease
REPORTABLE DISEASE

Samples to submit are vesicular fluid and paired serum samples for RT-PCR and virus isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Treatment of Vesicular stomatitis virus

A

Control movement of sick animals… usually recover in 3-4 days

Vaccination is practiced in high producing dairy herds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Vesicular stomatitis virus infects humans. Classify the virus

A

epizootic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Vesicular Exanthema of Swine (VES) characteristics

A

Acute, febrile, contagious disease of SWINE characterized by formation of vesicle on snout, mouth, and on the feet

Morbidity is high, mortality is low

Clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes Vesicular Exanthema of Swine?

A

A calicivirus

17
Q

Where is Vesicular Exanthema of swine seen?

A

Outbreaks in Iceland and Hawaii

Mostly seen In US

18
Q

Serotypes of vesicular Exanthema of Swine

A

14 serotypes of viruses isolated from marine mammals (San Miguel Sea Lion Virus)

19
Q

Diagnosis of VES

A

Diagnosed with fluid from vesicle - RT-PCR

20
Q

Prevention of vesicular exanthema of swine

A

Quarantine, slaughter all animals, restrict animal movement, disinfect

Vaccination is available

21
Q

Is virus zoonotic?

A

YES!!

22
Q

Where did vesicular exanthema of swine come from?

A

Marine mammals off the coast of california

23
Q

San Miguel Sea Lion Virus

A

Virus closely related to vesicular exanthema of swine, but is not identical
-distinguishable by virus neutralization test

  • virus has been isolated from sea lions and fur seals, and AB found in whales, fish, and feral swine
  • virus causes VES-like disease in pigs

In sea lions, causes abortions and vesicular lesions in mouth and on flippers

-marine/terrestrial transmission suggested (feeding marine mammals to swine)

24
Q

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) characteristics

A

One of the most important economic and political diseases in the world

Affects cloven-footed animals (not horses)

Characterized by vesicles in the mouth and on the feet of animals, and responsible for tremendous loss in production

Virus persists in meat products

25
Q

Foot and Mouth Disease family

A

Aphtovirus belonging to the virus family Picornaviridae

26
Q

Types of foot and mouth disease

A

7 major types

70 serotypes- enough Ag difference that vaccination against one does not protect you against another serotype

27
Q

Species affected by foot and mouth diseas

A

Cloven footed animals- cattle, pigs, sheep/goats, wild ruminants

28
Q

Morbidity and mortality of foot and mouth disease

A

High morbidity but low mortality

Recovered cattle remain carriers with virus recovered in epithelial cells lining pharynx and esophagus

29
Q

What are outbreaks of Foot and Mouth disease associated with?

A

Illegal importation of infected meat products or animals

FMDV survives in meat products

30
Q

How do you inactivate the virus in meat?

A

Acidity/ pH below 7.0

Importation of muscle cuts onloy is allowed

31
Q

Transmission of foot and mouth disease

A

Virus in saliva and most body fluids of acutely ill animals

Spread by direct contact with infected animals and vomited, by inhalation, and by ingestion

32
Q

Clinical signs of foot and mouth disease

A

In cattle, starts with lameness, smacking of lips, and salivation

Vesicle may appear in mouth, on muzzle, on feet, on teats, and on udder

Vesicle start as blanched areas, rupture, and complete healing after 2 weeks

In calves, death can occur due to myocarditis

IN PIGS: lameness and vesicle on snout

33
Q

Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth disease

A

History, clinical signs

Submit vesicular fluid and epithelial covering

34
Q

Control/prevention of foot and mouth disease

A

Good immunity after recovery from disease

Restrict importation of semen, meat products, hides, animals… or test before importation

Inactivated vaccine available

35
Q

What is the VIA antigen for foot and mouth disease

A

Virus infection associated antigen (VIA Ag)

Animals recovering from FMD will have AB to VIA Ag-

VIA Ag is the RNA polymerase synthesized during virus replication- animals vaccinated with killed vaccine have no AB to the VIA Ag

36
Q

Swine Vesicular Disease (SVD)

A

Caused by an enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae
(Porcine enterovirus type 9)

Disease of pigs characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and feet

NOT IN US

virology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions