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NPTE Neuro > Vertigo > Flashcards

Vertigo Flashcards

1
Q

vertigo

A

sense of movement and rotation of oneself or the surrounding environment

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2
Q

characteristics of peripheral vertigo (7)

A 
episodic and short duration
autonomic symptoms present
precipitating factor
pallor, sweating
nausea and vomiting
auditory fullness (fullness w/in ears)
tinnits
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3
Q

characteristics of central vertigo

A

autonomic symptoms less severe
loss of consciousness can occur
neurological symptoms present

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4
Q

neurological symptoms present w/ central vertigo

A 
diplopia
hemianopsia
weakness
numbness
ataxia
dysarthria
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5
Q

etiology of peripheral vertigo

A 
BPPV
Meniere's disease
Infection
Trauma/Tumor
Metabolic disorders (Diabetes)
Acute alcohol intoxication
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6
Q

etiology of central vertigo

A

Meningitis
Migraine headache
Complications of neurologic origin post ear infections
Trauma/tumor
Cerebellar degeneration disorders (alcoholism)
Multiple Sclerosis

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7
Q

BPPV

A

comprised of repeated episodes of vertigo that occur subsequent to changes in head position

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8
Q

BPPV duration and location noted

A

only lasts a few seconds

first noted in recumbent position since most commonly affects the posterior semicircular canal

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9
Q

etiology of BPPV

A

usually otoconia (carnality) that loosens and travels into the posterior semicircular canal, causing vertigo

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10
Q

what is present w/ BPPV

A

vertigo and nystagmus

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11
Q

Treatment of BPPV

A

carnality repositioning maneuvers

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12
Q

Dix-Hallpike test purpose

A

determine if pt presents with BPPC

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13
Q

Dix- Hallpike procedure

A
  1. pt in long sitting w/ head rotated 45 deg to one side
  2. pt is rapidly moved into supine position w/ head still in 45deg rotation and extended 30 deg
  3. therapist holds the pt’s head in position for 20-30sec observing eyes for nystagmus
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14
Q

Congenital nystagmus

A

typically mild and does not change in severity over the person’s lifetime

not associated w/ other pathology

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15
Q

spontaneous nystagmus casue

A

imbalance of vestibular signals to the oculomotor neurons

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16
Q

direction and speed of spontaneous nystagmus

A

constant drift in one direction that is countered by a quick movement in the opposite direction

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17
Q

when does spontaneous nystagmus occur?

A

after and acute vestibular lesion

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18
Q

how long will spontaneous nystagmus last?

A

about 24 hours

19
Q

type of nystagmus w/ acute vestibular lesions

A

spontaneous nystagmus

20
Q

peripheral nystagmus

A

occurs w/ peripheral vestibular lesion

21
Q

is peripheral nystagmus inhibited?

A

yes w/ fixation of vision on an object

22
Q

central nystagmus

A

occurs w/ central lesion of the brainstem/cerebellum

23
Q

is central nystagmus inhibited?

A

no

24
Q

positional nystagmus

A

induced by change in head position

25
Q

what stimulates positional nystagmus?

A

semicircular canals

26
Q

how long does positional nystagmus last?

A

typically only a few seconds

27
Q

gaze-evoked nystagmus

A

occurs when eyes shift from primary position to alternate position

28
Q

what is gaze-evoked nystagmus caused by?

A

pt’s inability to maintain the stable gaze position

29
Q

what is gaze-evoked nystagmus indicative of?

A

CNS pathology

30
Q

what is gaze-evoked nystagmus associated with?

A

brain injury and multiple sclerosis

31
Q

direction of central nystagmus

A

either bidirectional or unidirectional

32
Q

vertigo w/ central nystagmus

A

mild

33
Q

length of symptoms w/ central nystagmus

A

may be chronic

34
Q

etiology of central nystagmus

A

demyelination of nerves, vascular lesion, cancer/tumor

35
Q

direction of peripheral nystagmus

A

unidirectional w/ the fast segment of movement indicating the opposite direction of lesion

36
Q

vertigo w/ peripheral nystagmus

A

significant

37
Q

length of symptoms w/ peripheral nystagmus

A

minutes, days, weeks, but finite period of time

recurrent

38
Q

etiology of peripheral nystagmus

A

Meniere’s disease, vascular disorders, trauma, toxicity infection of inner ear

39
Q

Nystagmus present w/ R posterior canalithiasis

A

Transient Up breathing nystagmus w/ R torsion

40
Q

Nystagmus present w/ R posterior cupulothiasis

A

persistent up breathing nystagmus w/ R torsion

41
Q

Nystagmus present w/ L posterior canalithiasis

A

Transient Up breathing nystagmus w/ L torsion

42
Q

Nystagmus present w/ L posterior cupulothiasis

A

persistent up breathing nystagmus w/ L torsion

43
Q

Nystagmus present w/ horizontal cupulothiasis

A

persistent ageotropic nystagmus

44
Q

Nystagmus present w/ horizontal canalithiasis

A

Transient geotropic nystagmus

NPTE Neuro (4 decks)

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