Vertigo Flashcards
vertigo
sense of movement and rotation of oneself or the surrounding environment
characteristics of peripheral vertigo (7)
episodic and short duration autonomic symptoms present precipitating factor pallor, sweating nausea and vomiting auditory fullness (fullness w/in ears) tinnits
characteristics of central vertigo
autonomic symptoms less severe
loss of consciousness can occur
neurological symptoms present
neurological symptoms present w/ central vertigo
diplopia hemianopsia weakness numbness ataxia dysarthria
etiology of peripheral vertigo
BPPV Meniere's disease Infection Trauma/Tumor Metabolic disorders (Diabetes) Acute alcohol intoxication
etiology of central vertigo
Meningitis
Migraine headache
Complications of neurologic origin post ear infections
Trauma/tumor
Cerebellar degeneration disorders (alcoholism)
Multiple Sclerosis
BPPV
comprised of repeated episodes of vertigo that occur subsequent to changes in head position
BPPV duration and location noted
only lasts a few seconds
first noted in recumbent position since most commonly affects the posterior semicircular canal
etiology of BPPV
usually otoconia (carnality) that loosens and travels into the posterior semicircular canal, causing vertigo
what is present w/ BPPV
vertigo and nystagmus
Treatment of BPPV
carnality repositioning maneuvers
Dix-Hallpike test purpose
determine if pt presents with BPPC
Dix- Hallpike procedure
- pt in long sitting w/ head rotated 45 deg to one side
- pt is rapidly moved into supine position w/ head still in 45deg rotation and extended 30 deg
- therapist holds the pt’s head in position for 20-30sec observing eyes for nystagmus
Congenital nystagmus
typically mild and does not change in severity over the person’s lifetime
not associated w/ other pathology
spontaneous nystagmus casue
imbalance of vestibular signals to the oculomotor neurons
direction and speed of spontaneous nystagmus
constant drift in one direction that is countered by a quick movement in the opposite direction
when does spontaneous nystagmus occur?
after and acute vestibular lesion
how long will spontaneous nystagmus last?
about 24 hours
type of nystagmus w/ acute vestibular lesions
spontaneous nystagmus
peripheral nystagmus
occurs w/ peripheral vestibular lesion
is peripheral nystagmus inhibited?
yes w/ fixation of vision on an object
central nystagmus
occurs w/ central lesion of the brainstem/cerebellum
is central nystagmus inhibited?
no
positional nystagmus
induced by change in head position
