Vertebrates Flashcards
What are the 2 main traits that differentiate mammals from all other vertebrates ?
-Body hair
-Mammary glands
-Single lower jaw bone
What are the main primates ?
-Lemurs and tarsiers are (Prosimians)
-all monkeys, apes, and humans are anthropoids
-Not all Anthropoids are hominoids (AKA the great apes)
What are the 4 traits that all chordates have ?
-Notochord
-Dorsal Hollow Nerve Cord
-Post Anal Tail
-Pharyngeal Gill Slits
What are the systems that most members of the phylum of chordata have ?
- Aerobic respiration
- Sexual reproduction (internal or external)
- Organ systems
- Centralized Nervous system (brain and spinal cord)
- Reproductive system
- Closed Circulatory system
- Respiratory system
- Complete Digestive system
- Excretory system
- Endoskeleton
What are the Three subphyla of Chordates ?
- Cephalochordata
- Urochordata
- Vertebrata
What is the name of the subphylum commonly called Lancelets ?
Cephalochordata
When do Cephalochordata have the unique features of the phylum Chordata ?
Cephalochordata have all chordate features throughout development and as adult
Where do most Cephalochordata live and what are common attributes ?
- Live in warm tropical
oceans - Suspension feeders, eat
small invertebrates,
bacteria, fungi
What are important systems of Cephalochordata ?
- Sexual reproduction
(external fertilization) - Has a circulatory system,
but no true heart
What is the common name for Urochordata and why are they called that ?
Tunicates because they appear to have a tunic wrapped around it.
What are the 2 traits that disappear from development to adulthood in Urochordata (tunicates) ?
Adults lose their notochord and Tail
What does it mean if Urochordata are sessile ?
They can not move freely but if they form salps they can float freely.
What is the Subphylum Vertebrata also called ?
Subphylum Craniata
What happened to the dorsal hollow nerve cord in the subphylum vertebrata ?
It evolved into the spinal cord
What happened to the notochord in the subphylum vertebrata ?
It evolved into the bony disks that house the spinal cord
What are the 7 classes of Vertebrates ?
- Fishes
- Amphibians
- Reptiles
- Birds
- Mammals
- Primates
What are Agnatha in the class of vertebrates ?
Jawless fish
What are Gnathostomes in the class of vertebrates ?
Jawed fish
Chondrichthyes – Soft bone fish
Osteichthyes – bony fishes
Lungfish – fish that have lungs and lobed-fins
They have both gills and lungs so they can breathe in and out of water
What are important characteristics of Amphibians ?
- First group to have 4 legs (tetrapods)
- Internal and External fertilization
- Eggs must be surrounded by water
- Larvae develop in water, adults can
live away from water but they must
keep their skins wet
Why are Amniotic eggs important ?
- Allowed reptiles, birds, and
mammals to be born outside of
water - In reptiles and birds – hard shell
- In mammals (and some reptiles)
– embryo develops internally
What is serosa ?
a layer that helps keep the developing
egg moist and prevents it from drying out.
What made reptiles adapted for dry land ?
- Dry (waterproof) skin
- Efficient lungs for respiration
- An amniotic egg
- External – Hard shell
- Internal - Live birth
How do primates fit into the class of vertebrates ?
- Adaptations for climbing and swinging in trees
1) a rotating shoulder joint
2) thumbs sufficiently separated from fingers to allow for
gripping branches
3) a big toe that is widely separated from the
other toes(except humans)
4) stereoscopic vision, two overlapping fields of vision from the eyes, which allows for the perception of depth and
gauging distance. - Flattened nails instead of claws
- One offspring per pregnancy
- Holding the body upright
